高亚丽　朱楷　魏培丹

[摘要] 目的 探討舒适护理在改善血液透析患者心理状况和并发症中的应用效果。 方法 将2015年10月～2017年10月我院接诊的60例血液透析患者纳入本研究，按照随机数字表法均分为观察组和对照组各30例，对照组接受常规护理，观察组在此基础上实施舒适护理，比较两组干预前后心理状态评分、并发症发生情况以及治疗依从性。结果 干预后观察组SAS及SDS评分均显著低于对照组[（31.95±5.26）分vs （42.17±6.88）分]、[（34.32±5.66）分vs （45.03±7.10）分]（P<0.05）；观察组并发症总发生率显著低于对照组（6.67% vs 26.67%）（P<0.05）；观察组自我照料率、合理膳食率、遵医嘱用药率均显著高于对照组（83.33% vs 60.00%）、（93.33% vs 70.00%）、（96.67% vs 76.67%）（P<0.05）。 结论 舒适护理可明显改善血液透析患者心理状况、并发症以及治疗依从性，值得临床推荐。

[关键词] 血液透析；舒适护理；心理状况；并发症

[中图分类号] R473.5 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2018）20-0146-03

Application effect of comfortable nursing in improving the mental status and complications of patients receiving hemodialysis

GAO Yali1 ZHU Kai2 WEI Peidan3

1.Room of Hemodialysis，Yichun Peoples Hospital in Jiangxi Province，Yichun 336000，China；2.Department of Emergency Surgery，Yichun Peoples Hospital in Jiangxi Province，Yichun 336000，China；3.Department of Nephrology，Yichun Peoples Hospital in Jiangxi Province，Yichun 336000，China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the application effect of comfortable nursing in improving the mental status and complications of patients receiving hemodialysis. Methods 60 patients receiving hemodialysis who were admitted to our hospital from October 2015 to October 2017 were included in this study. According to the random number table method， 30 patients were divided into observation group and control group. The control group was given routine nursing care， and the observation group was given comfortable nursing care on this basis. The scores of mental status， occurrence of complications， and treatment compliance before and after interventions in the two groups were compared. Results The scores of SAS and SDS after intervention in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [（31.95±5.26） vs （42.17±6.88），[（34.32±5.66） vs（45.03±7.10）]（P<0.05）； the total incidence rate of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group（6.67% vs 26.67%）（P<0.05）； the self-care rate， reasonable diet rate， and medication compliance rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （83.33% vs 60.00%）， （93.33% vs 70.00%）， and （96.67% vs 76.67%）（P<0.05）. Conclusion Comfortable care can significantly improve the mental status， complications and treatment compliance of patients receiving hemodialysis， which is worthy of clinical recommendation.

[Key words] Hemodialysis； Comfortable nursing care； Mental status； Complications

血液透析是治疗肾病的重要手段，在缓解临床症状、控制肾脏损害等方面效果明确[1]。但长期血液透析期间患者容易产生抑郁、焦虑、不安等多种不良心理状态，加之随着血液透析次数增多，多种并发症的发生导致患者依从性明显下降，生活质量也受到明显影响[2-3]。因此，采取科学有效的护理干预措施改善患者心理状态，防范并发症的发生对改善预后效果有重要价值。我院在该方面积累了较多经验，通过在临床上实施舒适护理有效改善了上述问题，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

将2015年10月～2017年10月我院接诊的60例血液透析患者纳入本研究。按照随机数字表法均分为观察组和对照组各30例，观察组男18例，女12例，年龄22～75岁，平均（42.16±6.78）岁，血液透析时间11个月～12年，平均（6.52±1.43）年，疾病：高血压肾病12例、慢性肾小球肾炎9例、糖尿病肾病6例、梗阻性肾病3例；对照组男17例，女13例，年龄22～75岁，平均（42.18±6.85）岁，血液透析时间11个月～12年，平均（6.55±1.25）年，疾病：高血压肾病11例、慢性肾小球肾炎10例、糖尿病肾病5例、梗阻性肾病4例。……