血脂异常危险因素的研究进展
2018-11-09史琼郑东鹏
史琼 郑东鹏
摘 要 血脂异常不仅是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的独立危险因素,而且随着年龄增加其导致冠状动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病发病风险增加。国内外有大量关于血脂异常相关危险因素的文献报道。本文对各种危险因素按照不可干预的危险因素如年龄增加、性别、遗传因素等,和可干预的危险因素如吸烟、饮酒、不良生活方式、高血压、糖尿病、心理健康状况等做简要的综述。为血脂异常的预防和治疗以及人群的宣传教育提供依据。
关键词 血脂异常;危险因素
中图分类号:R589.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)20-0043-04
Research progress of the risk factors of dyslipidemia
SHI Qiong1, ZHENG Dongpeng2(1.Ward of General Medicine Department of Huajing Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200231, China; 2. Medical Service Department of Huajing Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200231, China)
ABSTRACT Dyslipidemia is not only an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but also increases the risk of coronary atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with the increase of age. There are a large number of literature reports on risk factors related to dyslipidemia at home and abroad. This article summarizes the risk factors that could not be intervened, such as age, gender, genetic factors, etc. and risk factors that could be intervened, such as smoking, drinking, unhealthy lifestyles, high blood pressure, diabetes, mental health, etc. This paper provides the basis for prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia and publicity and education for the crowd.
KEY WORDS dyslipidemia; risk factor
血脂异常(Dyslipidemia)是指血浆中一种或者几种脂蛋白的含量出现异常。根据我国2016年修订的中国成人血脂异常防治指南[1],有总胆固醇(TC)≥6.2 mmol/L,和(或)三酰甘油(TG)≥2.3 mmol/L,和/或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)≥4.1 mmol/L,和/或高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)<1.0 mmol/L即可被认为是血脂异常。研究证明,血脂异常是心血管系统疾病最重要的危险因素。高三酰甘油血症与冠心病和(或)脑卒中密切相关,三酰甘油每升高1mmol/L,女性和男性冠心病事件风险分别升高37%和12%[2]。最新数据统计显示,中国成人血脂异常总体患病率已高达40.4%[1]。有资料表明,人群血清胆固醇水平的升高将使我国2010-2030年心血管病事件增加约920万[3]。而我国儿童青少年高三酰甘油血症患病率也有明显升高[4],这将导致未来很长一段时间中国成人血脂异常患病及其相关疾病负担继续加重。
随着现代医学的不断进步,人们对血脂异常的危险因素有了更深入的了解。……
