唐艺萍

摘 要 人们对居住环境的质量要求越来越高，促使别墅成为人们追求居住环境质量的制高点。然而，当前别墅环境设计中存在一定的弊端，将别墅室内、建筑、庭院景观等各方割裂开来设计，缺乏整体设计的观念，使各个方向在设计、施工至完工的过程中不能形成“共生”的关系。本文着手于别墅环境设计的现状，力求突破传统别墅环境设计中各部分割裂的设计模式，提出了别墅环境整体设计的方法，从全局和整体出发，将设计过程及内容、设计与各专业方向的施工过程进行整体监督管理，使各个方向在设计、施工到完工达到“共生”的关系，营造出生态和谐的别墅环境。

关键词 别墅 别墅环境 整体设计

中图分类号：TU984.12 文献标识码：A DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2018.09.065

Abstract People are increasingly demanding the quality of living environment， which makes villas become the commanding heights for people to pursue the quality of living environment. However， there are some drawbacks in the current villa environment design， such as the villa interior， architecture， courtyard landscape to separate the design， lack of overall design concept， so that all directions in the design， construction to completion process cannot form a "symbiotic" relationship.Starting from the present situation of villa environment design， this paper tries hard to break through the design mode of the splitting of each part in the traditional villa environment design， and puts forward the method of villa environment overall design. Starting from the overall situation and the whole， the design process and the content， the design and the construction process of each professional direction are supervised and managed as a whole， so as to make each direction possible. In the design， construction to completion， the "symbiotic" relationship is achieved， and the villa environment with ecological harmony is created.

Keywords villa； villa environment； overall design

1 概念界定

1.1 别墅概念及分类

《中国大百科全书》建筑、园林、城市规划卷对“别墅”的定义如下：“在家宅以外另建的供游憩用的独户住宅，多建在城市郊区和风景区。中国古代的别墅又称别业、别馆。”[1]由此可见，别墅具备两个特征：第一，它是用来享受生活的居所；第二，它并非第一居所而是第二居所。而国内普遍将别墅分为：独栋别墅、双拼别墅、联排别墅、叠拼别墅等。因此，对于别墅的定义更像是“松紧带”的概念。

本文所指的别墅是一个双拼别墅：由两个单元组成的单栋别墅。它的主要特点：“窗户较多，增加了住宅采光面，位于外侧的室内空间一般有两个以上的采光面，视线和通风性能相对优良，使得别墅有更广阔的室外空间。……