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林下蜜环菌—猪苓—党参立体化栽培新模式

2018-11-06王华周林郭尚萧晋川赵照林杨杰张红刚

安徽农学通报 2018年15期

王华 周林 郭尚 萧晋川 赵照林 杨杰 张红刚

摘 要:目的:充分发挥猪苓资源优势,开发猪苓的自然生态立体栽培体系,提高猪苓生产的种植效益和经济收益。方法:在森林中地下栽培蜜环菌伴生猪苓,地表种植党参,建立空林木,地表党参、地下蜜环菌伴生猪苓的生产体系,同时收获林木果实、党参药材、猪苓药用菌。结果: 采用这种生产模式,猪苓、党参生产经济效益大大提高,所产苓核个大结实,色泽乌黑光亮,培性状优良,每亩林地综合经济收益提高15%。结论:采用猪苓、党参套种栽培,在不破坏生态环境的前提下实现林下经济效益最大化,把保护自然生态和发展地方经济相结合,为猪苓产业的持续良性发展创建了新的模式。

关键词:林下栽培;蜜环菌;猪苓;党参;立体化模式

中图分类号 F326.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2018)15-0031-04

Abstract:[objective] Give full play to the resource advantages of Polyporus and develop the natural ecological three-dimensional cultivation system of Polyporus to improve the planting benefit and economic benefits of Polyporus production.[Methods] In forests, planting Armillaria Mellea - Polyporusumbellatus Underground and planting Codonopsispilosula on the ground.The production system was established: high altitude forests, Codonopsispilosula on the ground and Armillaria Mellea - Polyporusumbellatus under the surface.At the same time, harvested fruit, Codonopsispilosula and medicinal fungus of Polyporus.[Results] With this production mode, the benefit of wild interplanting of Polyporus and Codonopsispilosula can be greatly improved.The produced Polyporus is large, strong, dark and glossy, and has good cultivation characteristics.The comprehensive economic income is increased by 15%.[Conclusion] With the combination of Polyporus and Codonopsispilosula, the maximum economic benefits of forests can be realized without destroying the ecological environment.Combine the protection of natural ecology with the development of local economy.To create a new model for the sustained and healthy development of Polyporus industry.

Key words:Understory;Armillaria mellea;Polyporus umbellatus;Codonopsis pilosula;Three Dimensional Cultivation Mode

豬苓[Polyporus umbellatus(Pers.)Fr.]是一种药用真菌,人工栽培研究已开展了30多年,如韩汝诚[1]、郭顺星[2-6]、徐锦堂[3,6]等先后对猪苓与蜜环菌的关系进行了系统研究。郭顺星等[7]试验成功利用蜜环菌菌材伴栽猪苓技术,尤其是在栽培穴中增放大量树叶后,对提高猪苓产量起到了极好的效果。现行的猪苓人工栽培技术,主要包括半野生栽培法、固定菌床栽培法、纯菌种栽培法等,都是单一种植猪苓,由于没有重视到种植猪苓地面的防热、杂草等影响猪苓产量的因素,使得猪苓栽培穴增放遮阴物的技术没能得到很好的应用和获得应有的效益[7]。为了提高猪苓生产的种植效益和经济收益,本试验开发了林木-蜜环菌-猪苓-党参立体化栽培模式。……

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