姜岩　段杰　王茂励

摘要 为实现蔬菜大棚数字化管理，设计了基于物联网技术的水肥一体化智能管理系统。传感器采集蔬菜大棚土壤温湿度、空气温湿度、光照条件等环境信息，然后将数据上传至云服务器，云平台对数据进行整理，分析制定蔬菜需水量，氮、磷、钾混合比例和施肥时间等管理计划。经试验，基于数字化管理施肥，2017年植株氮、磷、钾积累量分别增加了13.9%、6.2%、6.6%，对比人工经验控制和基于物联网技术，物联网技术的数字化管理施肥优化了氮、磷、钾肥配比，使蔬菜、水果对氮、磷、钾养分吸收更充分。

关键词 蔬菜大棚；水肥一体化；物联网技术；数字化管理；云平台

中图分类号 TP273+.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）16-0279-03

Intelligent System of Water and Fertilizer Based on Internet of Things Technology

JIANG Yan 1，2 DUAN Jie 1，2 * WANG Mao-li 1，2 ZHAO Jing-bo 1

（1 College of Automation Engineering，Qingdao University of Technology，Qingdao Shandong 266520；

2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks，Shandong Computer Science Center（National Supercomputer Center in Jinan），

Qilu University of Technology（Shandong Academy of Sciences））

Abstract To realize digital management of vegetable greenhouse environment，an intelligent water and fertilizer integration control system based on Internet of Things technology was designed.The sensors collect environmental information such as soil moisture，air temperature and humidity，and light conditions in a greenhouse，and then upload the information to the cloud server.The cloud platform collates and analyzes the data and formulates the management plan of vegetable water requirement，ratio of N、P、K and fertilizing time，and other control strategies.After experiments，based on recommended fertilization by the expert system，the nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium accumulations of the plants in 2017 increased by 13.9%，6.2% and 6.6%，respectively.Comparisons were made on the basis of the results of artificial experience control and intelligent control based on the Internet of Things technology.By expert system recommended fertilization，the proportions of nitrogen fertilizer，phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were optimized，and the nutrient absorptions of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium were more abundant in fruits and vegetables.

Key words vegetable greenhouse；integration of water and fertilizer；Internet of Things technology；digital management；cloud platform

随着计算机科学、微电子技术和网络信息化技术的普及，以全球互联网为基础，被称为“第三次信息技术革命”的物联网正在兴起。网络信息技术的快速发展给人类科学和社会经济带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。据统计，20世纪80年代以來，网络技术对发达国家经济贡献率接近40%，物联网将改造现有的网络架构来适应新的应用环境和社会网络，从而带来巨大的市场价值，为社会经济发展提供了强劲动力[1-2]。

目前，我国设施农业建设面积世界第一，但主要是以日光温室单体大棚为主，设施配套设备简单，高科技含量比较低，环境可控度低，抵御自然恶劣环境的能力低，高水平的现代化蔬菜大棚占设施农业总面积的0.14%，现代化装备技术水平、先进的管理理念、人均管理面积、生产劳动效率远远落后于世界发达国家。……