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股骨逆行髓内钉的研究进展

2018-09-03黄修标付昆

中外医疗 2018年9期

黄修标 付昆

[摘要] 股骨髓内钉依据进钉点分为顺行和逆行,进钉点分别为梨状窝和髁间窝。逆行髓内钉在股骨干骨折治疗中处于替代技术。随着逆行髓内钉技术不断发展,该技术受到大多数学者的青睐。该项研究的目的主要是分析和总结逆行髓内钉现有的文献。该研究的结论是逆行髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折是一项安全、可靠的技术,但在股骨干骨折中,逆行髓内钉作为替代技术。随着关节镜技术的不断发展,逆行髓内钉技术的潜在优势逐渐体现。

[关键词] 股骨骨折;逆行股骨锁定钉;髓内固定术

[中图分类号] R687.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)03(c)-0193-03

Research Progress of Femoral Retrograde Intramedullary Nail

HUANG Xiu-biao, FU Kun

Department of Joint Trauma Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570100 China

[Abstract] The femoral intramedullary nail is divided into the antegrade and retrograde, and the screw entrance point is respectively sinus piriformis and fossa intercondyloidea, and the retrograde intramedullary nail is an alternative technology in the treatment of fracture of femoral shaft, with the continuous development of retrograde intramedullary nail, the technology wins wide popularity in most scholars, and the major purpose of the study is to analyze and summarize the current literatures of retrograde intramedullary nail, and we know that it is a safe and reliable technology, and it can be used as an alternative technology in the fracture of femoral shaft, with the continuous development of arthroscope, the potential advantage of retrograde intramedullary nail is gradually reflected.

[Key words] Femoral fracture; Retrograde intramedullary nail; Intramedullary fixation

髓內钉被认为是大多数股骨骨折的首选治疗方法[1-2],相对顺行髓内钉,股骨逆行髓内钉作为良好的替代技术。近年来,随着逆行髓内钉技术不断发展,越来越受广大学者青睐。但在扩髓等问题上仍存在争议。现将股骨逆行髓内钉近况综述如下。

1 发展简史

1940年,Küntscher[3]首次提出髓内钉技术并用于长骨骨折治疗。1952年,Küntscher[1]再次提出扩髓理论。经过不断改进、发展,1968年,Klemm等人[2]将髓内钉技术进一步完善。1970年,Küntscher[3]提出股骨逆行髓内钉技术,即髁头钉技术。1980年,Harris[4]将其用于治疗股骨粗隆间骨折。1984年,Swiontkowski等人[5]也用于同侧股骨颈和股骨干双骨折上。此后,学者发现该进钉点易导致内髁骨折。故有学者认为最理想的进钉点应与股骨纵轴平行。1970年,Green[6]提出以髁间窝为进钉点,获得广大学者的认可及应用。1996年,Gregory[7]报道47例股骨骨折经逆行髓内钉治疗获得良好效果。……

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