右美托咪定的药理特点与不同剂量在临床麻醉应用的研究进展
2018-08-31喻国平
喻国平
【摘要】 右美托咪定是一种具有高选择性的α2肾上腺素受体激动剂的新型镇静镇痛药物,除了有剂量依赖性的镇静催眠作用之外,还有良好的镇静、抗焦虑、抑制交感神经活动和较强的镇痛作用。正是该药独特的药理特点使之成为目前临床上公认的一种较为理想的临床麻醉辅助药物。但临床应用研究发现,右美托咪啶会受到剂量和给药速度的影响,特别是不同剂量的右美托咪定会导致不同的临床效果。因此如何选择药物剂量对确保手术的成功和提高临床疗效显得非常重要。本文结合国内外的相关文献,对右美托咪定的药理特点、作用机制与不同剂量的临床效果进行简要综述。
【关键词】 右美托咪定; 不同剂量; 临床应用; 研究进展
Pharmacological Characteristics of Dexmedetomidine and the Research Progress of Different Doses in Clinical Anesthesia Application/YU Guoping.//Medical Innovation of China,2018,15(12):144-148
【Abstract】 Dexmedetomidine is a new type of sedative analgesic drug with high selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist,besides the dose dependent sedative hypnotic effect,it has good sedative,anti anxiety,inhibition of sympathetic activity and strong analgesic effect.The pharmacological characteristic of the drug makes it an ideal clinical anesthesia adjuvant drug recognized in clinical practice.However,clinical studies have shown that Dexmedetomidine is affected by dose and administration rate,especially Dexmedetomidine at different doses can lead to different clinical effects.Therefore,how to choose the dose of the drug is very important to ensure the success of the operation and improve the clinical efficacy.In this paper,the pharmacological characteristics,mechanism of action and the clinical effect in different doses of Dexmedetomidine were briefly summarized by combining relevant literatures at home and abroad.
【Key words】 Dexmedetomidine; Different doses; Clinical application; Research progress
First-authors address:The Second Peoples Hospital of Beihai,Beihai 536000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.12.042
临床上任何一种手术都会引起疼痛,而疼痛的刺激可激活机体交感系统导致血流动力学改变,从而影响手术的顺利进行。为了使麻醉的镇静深度更能达到预期的效果以满足临床手术和其他诊疗操作的需求,麻醉医师除了选择的麻醉方式之外,亦需严格选择适合的麻醉药物。
右美托咪定是一种高选择性的α2肾上腺素受体激动剂,其作用于中枢神经与周围神经系统及其他器官组织时可产生镇静、镇痛、抗焦虑、抑制交感神经活动的效应等[1]。由于作用效果著显,目前已广泛应用于临床。但随着医学对右美托咪定藥理作用的研究不断深入,人们发现右美托咪定除了具备有效的镇静、镇痛,减少麻醉剂用量外;……
