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绝经前后女性2型糖尿病流行病学特点及危险因素分析

2018-08-31李清珺王小清胡文俞伟男

中国医药导报 2018年15期
关键词:患病率因素糖尿病

李清珺 王小清 胡文 俞伟男

[摘要] 目的 分析中國人群绝经前后女性2型糖尿病患病情况,为制订有效措施预防和干预2型糖尿病的发生及发展提供基础数据。 方法 纳入2014年6~12月淮安第二人民医院体检中符合要求的3227名女性,根据问卷调查分为两组,绝经前组207名,绝经后组3020名。回顾性分析两组人群2型糖尿病患病率及相关危险因素的差异。 结果 绝经前女性2型糖尿病患病率为12.1%,绝经后女性患病率为19.4%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。血清总蛋白(TP)为绝经前女性2型糖尿病患病的主要危险因素(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.02~1.32,P < 0.05)。绝经后女性年龄(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.02~1.05,P < 0.05)、体重指数(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.04~1.11,P < 0.05)、三酰甘油(TG)(OR=1.11, 95%CI:1.03~1.20,P < 0.05)、尿素氮(BUN)(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.00~1.13,P < 0.05)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)(OR=1.01, 95%CI:1.00~1.02,P < 0.05)、血清总蛋白(TP)(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.01~1.06,P < 0.05)、高血压史(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.23~1.88,P < 0.05)为2型糖尿病患病的重要危险因素。 结论 绝经后女性2型糖尿病患病率较绝经前增高,TP是绝经前女性患2型糖尿病的独立危险因素,绝经后危险因素除了血脂、血压等传统危险因素,还有TP、ALT、BUN。应监测危险因素,及早采取预防和干预措施,降低糖尿病的患病率,提高绝经前后女性的生活质量。

[关键词] 绝经;2型糖尿病;患病率;危险因素

[中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)05(c)-0008-05

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of T2DM in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

LI Qingjun1 WANG Xiaoqing2 HU Wen2 YU Weinan2

1.Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221004, China; 2.Department of Endocrinology, the Second People′s Hospital of Huai′an, Huai′an Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Huai′an 223002, China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and providing effective data for the prevention and intervention of the occurrence and development of T2DM. Methods A total of 3227 women with T2DM met the requirements from June to December in 2014 were selected, they were divided into two groups according to the questionnaire, including 207 cases of premenopausal women and 3020 cases of postmenopausal women. The prevalence of T2DM and the associated risk factors in the two groups were analyzed. Results Prevalence of premenopausal women with T2DM was 12.1% while the prevalence in postmenopausal state was 19.4%, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The serum total protein (TP) was a major risk factor for premenopausal women with T2DM (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.02-1.32, P < 0.05). In postmenopausal women, the prevalence of T2DM was associated with age (OR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.02-1.05, P < 0.05), BMI(OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.04-1.11, P < 0.05), Triglyceride (TG) (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.03-1.20, P < 0.05), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.00-1.13, P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR=1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.02, P < 0.05), TP (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.01-1.06, P < 0.05)and blood pressure (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.23-1.88, P < 0.05). Conclusion Postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes have a higher rate than premenopausal women. TP is a major risk factor for premenopausal women with T2DM. Postmenopausal risk factors in addition to traditional risk factors such as lipidemia, blood pressure, TP, ALT, and BUN. Risk factors should be monitored, and prevention and intervention measures should be taken early to reduce the prevalence of diabetes and improve the quality of life of women before and after menopause.

[Key words] Menopausal; T2DM; Prevalence; Risk factors

糖尿病是一组由多病因引起的以慢性血糖升高为特征的代谢性疾病,长期代谢紊乱会导致心、脑、肾等多系统脏器功能损害,现已成为威胁人类健康最重要的非传染性疾病[1]。根据流行病学调查,我国糖尿病的患病率逐渐增高,其中2型糖尿病占糖尿病总人数的90%以上[1]。现已有研究发现绝经后女性患2型糖尿病的风险增加[2],且2型糖尿病也增加了更年期提前的风险[3]。目前国外有研究认为绝经后女性性激素变化与2型糖尿病的发生具有相关性[4],但是关于亚洲女性绝经前后2型糖尿病的患病率和危险因素仍然缺少足够的数据。本研究探讨了中国人群绝经前后妇女2型糖尿病的流行情况,并评估了绝经前后2型糖尿病的传统与非传統的危险因素,可为有效防治2型糖尿病及控制糖尿病前期向糖尿病转化提供参考依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2014年6~12月淮安市第二人民医院《糖尿病预防项目》(ChiCTR-TRC-14005029)体检人群4246名进行葡萄糖耐量检查。……

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