周维 朱红梅 刘庆 陆杨惠

摘要：随着城市化进程的不断加速，人地矛盾日益突出，紧凑城市这一抑制城市无序蔓延，缓解“大城市病”的发展模式愈发受到关注。根据其核心内涵与相关理论，以湖南省为研究对象，从密度较高、结构合理、效率良好3个维度建立紧凑度评价指标体系，采用主成分分析法、逐步回归分析法及ArcGIS空间分析方法，对2000、2013年城市紧凑度及其主要影响因素进行计算分析，探讨湖南省城市紧凑度的时空变化特征。结果表明，湖南省城市紧凑度的总体水平得到提高，高、中度紧凑型城市有所增加，低度紧凑型城市减少，但城市之间的差距逐渐扩大。湖南省高、中、低度紧凑型城市的数量分布已从“水滴”形转化为“倒水滴”形，且呈现由西到东紧凑度不断提升的空间格局特征。影响湖南省城市紧凑度的主要因素是经济密度，其次是土地混合度、人口增长弹性、人口密度等。

关键词：城市紧凑度；时空特征；影响因素；湖南省

中图分类号：F292 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）11-0025-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.11.005

Abstract： With the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process， the contradiction between man and land has become increasingly prominent， and the compact urban development mode has become one of the main ways to curb the disorderly spread of the city and alleviate the “big city disease”. According to its core connotation and related theories， this paper takes 13 cities in Changsha， Hunan， Zhuzhou and Xiangtan as the object of study. The compactness evaluation index system is established from three dimensions： high density， reasonable structure and good efficiency. Stepwise regression analysis， the urban compactness and its main influencing factors were analyzed and analyzed to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of urban compactness in Hunan province. The results show that： the overall level of urban compactness in Hunan province is increasing， the high and medium degree compact cities are increasing， the low degree of compact cities are decreasing， and the gap between cities is gradually widening. The distribution of the high， medium and low degree of compact cities in Hunan province has changed from “water droplets” to inverted “water droplets”， and presents the spatial pattern of rising from west to east. The main factors influencing the urban compactness of Hunan province are economic density， followed by land mixture， population growth elasticity， population density and so on.

Key words： urban compactness；characteristics of the synergetic evolution；influence factors；Hunan province

当前，中国正处于新型城镇化的深入发展时期，在城市数量和规模迅速上升的同时，环境恶化、交通拥堵、资源利用效率低等“城市病”问题亦层出不穷，并逐渐成为影响城镇化可持续发展的关键。随着 “优化国土空间开发格局”“调整空间结构”等要求的多次提出，“紧凑城市”作为中国城镇空间结构发展和调整的新模式，能有效提高土地利用率、改善城市的居住和生活环境，这对抑制城市的无序扩张，改善交通拥堵等诸多问题具有重要的现实和指导意义。……