瞿飞范成五 刘桂华 秦松

摘 要：为研究砂页岩土壤重金属分布特征，评价土壤污染状况，以贵州省黔东南典型砂页岩地区浪洞乡为研究对象，采用网格布点的方法采集20个土壤样品，分析了（Cr、Pb、As、Cd、Hg）5种重金属的含量及分布特征，并采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗污染指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对该地区土壤重金属环境质量状况进行评价。结果表明，Cr、Pb和As的平均含量均低于全省和全国背景值；Hg的平均含量高出全省背景值和全国背景值的3.25倍和5.51倍；Cd的平均含量低于全省背景值，高于全国背景值，且为全国背景值的4.04倍。表明区域存在一定程度的Hg污染，其他4种重金属主要受区域背景值影响较大。5种重金屬的单项污染指数大小顺序为Cd 研究区域土壤环境内梅罗综合污染指数的均值为0.519，表示该区域土壤处于清洁状态。研究区域5种重金属的潜在生态风险指数大小顺序为Cd Cr，平均潜在生态风险指数均值为49.8，处在低风险生态等级，部分点位生态风险指数接近中度风险，从整体上看，研究区域土壤受重金属污染较轻，可安全进行农业生产，但仍需加强对重金属污染防治工作，避免重金属造成危害。

关键词：砂页岩；土壤重金属；风险评价；浪洞乡

中图分类号：X53

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2018）03-00 -0 国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2018.03.001

Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil of Typical Sand Shale Areas in Southeastern Guizhou

——A case study of Lang Dong village

QU Fei1，Fan Chen-wu2，3，Liu Gui-hua2，3 ，Qin Song2，3*

（1. Agricultural College， Guizhou University， Guiyang 550025 China； 2. Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer （Agricultural Resources and Environment）， Guiyang 550006 China； 3. Guizhou Agricultural Resources and Environmental Engineering Technology Research Center， Guiyang 550006 China）

Abstract：In order to study the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in sand shale soils and evaluate soil pollution status， Lang Dong village， a typical sand shale region in Qiandongnan， Guizhou Province， was selected as the research area. Twenty soil samples were collected using the method of grid placement. The content and distribution of the five heavy metals （Cr， Pb， As， Cd， Hg） were analysed. The soil environment quality of the heavy metals was evaluated using the single-factor pollution index method， the Nemero pollution index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that the average content of Cr， Pb and As in the study area was lower than that of the entire province value and the national background value. The content of Hg was 3.25 times higher than the province value and 5.51 times the national value. The average content of Cd was lower than the province value but was 4.04 times higher than the national value. This indicated that this area has some degree of Hg pollution， while content of the other four heavy metals was mainly influenced by the regional background value. The sequence of single-factor pollution index of the five heavy metals was Cd>Hg>As>Cr>Pb. The environment Nemero comprehensive pollution index of all five heavy metals was 0.519， indicating that the soil of this area was in a clean state. The sequence of the potential ecological risk index of five heavy metals in the study area was Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Cr and the average potential ecological risk index was 49.8， indicating that this area was at a low level of ecological risk. However， the ecological risk index for some parts of the area was at moderate level. On the whole， soil contamination by heavy metals in the study area is relatively light， which is safe for agricultural production. However， work on prevention and control of pollution still needs to be strengthened to avoid the harm of heavy metals.

Key words：sandy shale； soil heavy metals； risk assessment； Langdong village

土壤重金属污染具有隐蔽性，持久性和难降解的特性，对动植物都会带来危害[1]。一些可溶性的重金属能够被植物吸收富集、迁移转化，再通过食物链进入人体，危害人体健康[2-4]。……