冯龙张崇玉 陶雯李雄吴正肖

摘 要：为研究不同施肥条件下对白菜土壤环境的作用效果，通过盆栽试验，研究了NPK+OM（一半化肥+一半中药渣有机肥）、OM（中药渣有机肥）、OM1（鸡粪有机肥）、80%OM、60%OM等处理对白菜生育期内土壤酶活性、微生物量碳和微生物量氮的影响。结果表明，同NPK处理相比，NPK+OM处理的土壤蔗糖酶活性提高了9.81%～23.53%、脲酶活性提高了7.66%～28.73%、过氧化氢酶活性提高了9.28%～38.79%、中性磷酸酶活性提高了2.57%～34.84%；土壤微生物墨碳（SMBC）、土壤微生物墨氮（SMBN）分别提高了25.59%～58.37%、9.78%～11.58%。在白菜生长过程中，土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和SMBC活性均在白菜结球期时最高，而SMBN是在团棵期时达到最大值。随着白菜的生长发育，SMBN含量逐渐降低，在成熟期下降速度降慢。综合分析认为，有机无机配施对对白菜生长土壤环境的作用效果最佳，其次是单施有机肥，最差的是单施化肥处理。

关键词：施肥处理；白菜；土壤酶活性；土壤微生物量碳；氮

中图分类号：S147.35

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2018）03-00 -0 国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2018.03.001

Effects of Fertilization Treatments on Enzyme Activities and Microbial Carbon and Nitrogen in Chinese Cabbage Grown Soil

FENG Long1，ZHANG Chong-yu1*，TAO Wen1，LI Xiong1，WU Zhengxiao2

（1.Agricultural College of Guizhou university， Guizhou，Guiyang 550025， China；2.Agricultural Commission of Zunyi Municipal， Guizhou， Zunyi， 563000， China）

Abstract：In order to understond the effect of different fertilization on Chinese cabbage grown soil environment， pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of NPK+OM （chemical fertilizer + half of Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer）， OM （Chinese herb residue organic fertilizer）， OM1 （chicken manure）， 80%OM， 60%OM and other treatment on soil enzyme activity， microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen during Chinese cabbage growth period，. The results showed that， compared with NPK treatment， soil invertase activity of NPK+OM increased by 9.81% ～ 23.53%， urease activity increased from 7.66% to 28.73%， catalase activity increased from 9.28% to 38.79%， neutral phosphatase activity increased from 2.57% to 34.84%； SMBC and SMBN were increased by 25.59% to 58.37% and 9.78% to 11.58%， respectively. During the growth of Chinese cabbage， soil urease， neutral phosphatase， catalase， invertase and SMBC activity all reached the highest in cabbage heading stage， while SMBN reached the maximum at the pellet stage. With the growth and development of Chinese cabbage， the content of SMBN decreased gradually and the rate of decline decreased during the mature period. Comprehensive analysis showed that organic and inorganic combination had the best effect on the cabbage grown， soil， followed by single application of organic manure， and the worst was single fertilizer treatment.

Key words：fertilization treatment； Chinese cabbage； soil enzyme activity； soil microbial carbon and nitrogen

土壤酶和微生物量是土壤生物學活性的主要指标。土壤微生物量是指土壤中活的微生物总量[1]，是植物营养物质的源与库的重要来源[2]。土壤酶是具有高度催化作用的一类蛋白质[3]，参与土壤生物化学过程，其活性大小影响腐殖质的合成与分解速率，对土壤中高等植物和动物残体的分解及转化起重要作用[4]。土壤酶和微生物量是衡量土壤肥力的一个重要指标[5-7]，其活性高低可在一定程度上反映作物的生长发育状况以及土壤中物质代谢的旺盛程度。……