扈丹丹 刘肖莹 李明慧 彭海生

[摘要] 脑胶质瘤在临床治疗上是最具挑战性的疾病之一。虽然外科手术和多模式辅助治疗预后有所改善，但是脑胶质瘤的治疗仍然是一个难题。由于血脑屏障的存在和药物的毒性和非特异性，运用化疗药物治疗脑胶质瘤的疗效仍然特别差，纳米载体由于能够克服这些问题已经成为脑胶质瘤靶向治疗的最佳选择。过去的十年中，科研人员在脑肿瘤靶向治疗方面取得了重大研究进展。诊疗一体的纳米载体可同时对肿瘤进行特异性检测、治疗和后续监测。纳米技术的靶向给药策略在降低毒性和改善治疗效果方面具有独特的优势。本文介绍了胶质瘤的分类、治疗胶质瘤的局限性，以及如何应用纳米粒子靶向胶质瘤发挥治疗作用。

[关键词] 纳米技术；脑胶质瘤；血脑屏障；脂质体；胶束

[中图分类号] R739.41 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）04（c）-0025-03

Advances of nanotechnology in treatment of gliomas

HU Dandan LIU Xiaoying LI Minghui PENG Haisheng

Department of Pharmaceutics， Daqing Campus， Harbin Medical University， Heilongjiang Province， Daqing 163319， China

[Abstract] Brain tumor is one of the most challenging diseases in treatment. Although surgery and multimodal adjuvant therapy serve to the treatment of this disease， treating brain cancer still remains as a challenge. Due to the non-specificity and the potentially toxic of drugs and the blood–brain barrier， the efficiency of drug in treating brain cancer is relatively low， and therefore nanoparticles become an alternative treatment forbrain cancer. During the past decades， there have been great developments in the area of brain tumor treatment adopting brain tumor-targeted method. For example， the nanocarriers can simultaneously carry out specific detection， treatment， and follow-up monitoring of the tumor. New treatment strategies with nanotechnology have some important advantages， for example decreased toxicity and improved therapeutic effect. In this paper， the classification of glioma， the limitations of treating glioma， and how to target glioma using nanoparticles are summarized in detail.

[Key words] Nanotechnology； Glioma； Blood brain barrier； Liposomes； Micelle

世界上每年新增大約有25万脑肿瘤和其他中枢神经系统肿瘤患者，其中约81%的脑胶质瘤是最常见、最典型的原发性脑瘤[1]。根据胶质细胞的类型进行分类，恶性胶质瘤是最常见的脑瘤。在成人中，这种疾病的发病率是（2～3）/10万，年龄在20～39岁的男性患者发病率较高[2]。尽管化疗、放疗和手术切除能在一定程度上缓解病情，但恶性胶质瘤仍然是一种致命的，平均生存期仅为14.6个月的疾病[3]。在脑胶质瘤治疗中令人失望的主要原因是药物摄取的内化、细胞内药物的降解、肿瘤对化疗的敏感性降低以及耐药细胞机制的不清。……