唐明薇 梅希 王风波

[摘要] 目的 观察康复训练对2型糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍改善的影响。 方法 36只Wistar成年大鼠按随机数字表法分为2型糖尿病组（n=24）、空白对照组（n=12）。以高脂高糖饮食+链脲佐菌素腹腔注射法建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型，模型制备成功2型糖尿病组大鼠又随机分为非干预组（n=12）和康复训练组（n=12）。康复训练组大鼠于模型制备成功次日开始康复干预，每日1次，各组大鼠分别于干预第2、4、6周以Morris水迷宫测验认知功能（空间学习+记忆能力）。 结果 相比空白对照组大鼠，非干预组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长（P < 0.01），且呈逐渐加重趋势，穿越平台次数亦明显减少（P < 0.01）；相比非干预组，康复训练组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显改善（P < 0.01），穿越平台次数明显增加（P < 0.01）；第6周康复训练组大鼠与空白对照组比较，逃避潜伏期及穿越平台次数差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 康复训练能显著改善2型糖尿病大鼠空间学习及记忆能力，随着训练时间的增加改善作用愈加显著，有利于糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍的恢复。

[关键词] 康复训练；2型糖尿病；大鼠；认知功能

[中图分类号] R587 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）04（a）-0018-04

[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of rehabilitation training on the improvement of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods 36 adult Wistar rats were divided into type 2 diabetes model group （n=24） and blank control group （n=12） by the random number table method. Preparation of type 2 diabetic rat model with high fat and high sugar diet plus intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After the rat models were successfully prepared， the rats of type 2 diabetes group were randomly divided into non-intervention group （n=12） and rehabilitation training group （n=12）. The rehabilitation training group began to intervene on the following day after the success of the model preparation， 1 times a day. The cognitive function （space learning and memory ability） of all rats were tested by the Morris water maze in the second， fourth， sixth week of the rehabilitation training group. Results Compared with the blank control group， the escape latency in the non-intervention group was significantly prolonged （P < 0.01）， and gradually increased， and the number of crossing platform was also significantly reduced （P < 0.01）. Compared with non-intervention group， the escape latency of the rehabilitation training group was significantly improved （P < 0.01）， and the number of crossing platform increased significantly （P < 0.01）. There were no significant difference between the sixth week rehabilitation training group and the blank control group in the escape latency and the number of crossing platforms （P > 0.05）. Conclusion Rehabilitation training can significantly improve the spatial learning and memory ability of type 2 diabetes rats. With the increase of training time， the improvement effect is more significant， which is conducive to the recovery of cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats.

[Key words] Rehabilitation training； Type 2 diabetes； Rat； Cognitive function

近年來随着人民生活方式的巨大变化及老龄化，糖尿病患病人数不断增多，我国已成为世界上糖尿病患病人数最多的国家，其中2型糖尿病患者已达9000万左右，约占糖尿病总数的90.0%，防治形势十分严峻[1]。糖尿病的并发症主要为神经、血管等慢性病变，但近年来其对认知功能的损害作用越来越受到重视。流行病学调查显示，存在不同程度认知功能障碍的糖尿病患者呈不断上升趋势，2型糖尿病患者认知功能障碍以注意力、记忆和学习能力下降等为主要表现，重者甚至发展为痴呆[2]。研究表明，糖尿病患者脑病病理生理改变又与血管性痴呆及阿尔茨海默病有诸多类似之处，特点为脑萎缩、脑血管病变、活性氧聚积等，并有炎症损伤、氧化反应、神经细胞凋亡、再生及存活等病理表现[3]。……