氯吡格雷与SSRI类药通过CYP2C19介导的相互作用
2018-06-13范佑民马修平陈松洁耿德勤
范佑民 马修平 陈松洁 耿德勤
[摘要] 随着近年来卒中后抑郁发病率的普遍升高,临床上广泛将选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)与双重抗血小板治疗应用于卒中后抑郁患者。但是,SSRI与氯吡格雷均由肝细胞色素P450同工酶系统代谢,一些荟萃分析与小样本研究提示SSRI可通过抑制肝细胞色素P450同工酶CYP2C19活性减弱氯吡格雷抗血小板的作用,且根据SSRI类药物不同的化学结构及药代动力学特点,其抑制程度存在显著差异,本文就上述两类药物的代谢途径、作用机制及临床研究进展进行综述。
[关键词] 氯吡格雷;5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂;CYP2C19;卒中后抑郁
[中图分类号] R749.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)04(a)-0051-05
[Abstract] Along with the general rising of the incidence of post-stroke depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and dual anti-platelet therapy are widely used for patients with post-stroke depression in clinic. However, both SSRI and Clopidogrel are metabolized by hepatocyte pigment P450 isoenzyme system, some meta-analysis and small sample researches indicate that SSRI can reduce the anti-platelet effects of Clopidogrel by inhibiting the activity of hepatocyte pigment P450 isoenzyme CYP2C19. According to the different chemical structures and pharmacokinetic characteristics of SSRIs, the degrees of suppression of SSRI are not alike. This article summaries the drug metabolism pathway, mechanism and clinical research progress of this two drugs.
[Key words] Clopidogrel; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; CYP2C19; Post-stroke depression
卒中后抑郁(post-stroke depression,PSD)是腦卒中的常见并发症之一,主要表现为一种抑郁和焦虑状态,伴有多种表现形式,包括冷漠、体重改变、睡眠障碍、自卑感和疲倦感等,最终导致生活质量下降,并增加卒中复发和自杀的风险[1-2]。PSD受到了人们越来越多的关注。然而作为治疗PSD的一线药物5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,SSRI)[3]与临床上治疗脑梗死常用的抗血小板聚集药物氯吡格雷之间是否存在相互作用,导致后者抗血小板聚集作用的减弱,一直存在着分歧。
1 CYP2C19
CYP2C19是细胞色素P450酶系中的一种,由490种氨基酸组成的一种蛋白质,定位于10号染色体上(10q24.1-q24.3),具有9个外显子,它参与氯吡格雷、SSRI、质子泵抑制剂、普拉格雷、巴比妥类药物、那非那韦、三环类抗抑郁药、伏立康唑等多种药物的代谢。迄今为止,至少有24个CYP2C19的等位基因型(*1b到*25)被发现……
