由东北冷涡引发的一次强降水、大风、冰雹天气过程分析
2018-04-09张翠艳娄芳蕾周福然史虹婷胡明
张翠艳 娄芳蕾 周福然 史虹婷 胡明



摘要:利用MICAPS 3.1欧阳位温分析图,运用V-3θ结构分析法及常规气象资料,对2016年6月10-12日辽西北地区局地强降水、大风、冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明,①此次辽西北地区局地强降水、大风、冰雹天气是在东北冷涡背景下产生的。②通过常规天气学角度预报局地暴雨难度较大,V-3θ结构分析法可以在一定程度上弥补这种不足,在短时暴雨发生前12~24 h,辽西北地区上游及锦州V-3θ图上有超低温存在,整层顺滚流,θ、Θsed和θ*曲线多处左倾,不稳定能量聚集,Θsed和θ*距离较近,湿度条件较好,这些特征对辽西北地区局地暴雨的预报有较好的指示作用。③强冷平流不仅会使地面正变压场加强、地面变压梯度增大,而且促使地面风场发展,造成大风,低层冷平流是辽西北地区产生7~8级大风的主要原因。
关键词:东北冷涡;V-3θ结构分析;冷平流;强对流天气
中图分类号:P46 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)04-0039-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.04.010
The Northeast Cold Turbo-induced A Strong Winds, Precipitation,
Hail Weather Process Analysis
ZHANG Cui-yan, LOU Fang-lei, ZHOU Fu-ran, SHI Hong-ting, HU Ming
(Jinzhou Meteorological Bureau,Jinzhou 121001,Liaoning,China)
Abstract: Using MICAPS3.1 chart of Ouyang Wen and V-3θ structural analysis method and conventional meteorological data,in June 2016,10-12th in northwestern Liaoning, local stronger rainfall, high winds, hail weather process were analysed. The results showed that,①the local heavy rainfall in northwestern Liaoning and the high winds, hail were generated in the context of the Northeast cold vortex.②And it was difficult to forecast local rainstorm through general weather learn angle,while V-3θ structure analysis method could make up the shortage in a certain extent. In short time storm occurred before 12~24 hours,Liaoning northwest area upstream and the Jinzhou V-3θ figure existsed ultra-low temperature,the whole layer flow in the roll flow,θ,Θsed and θ* curve more at left-leaning,unstable energy gathered,more near distance between Θsed and θ*,better humidity conditions features,which had better of indicates role on Liaoning northwest area to local rainstorm of forecast.③Strong cold advection would not only make the ground temperature-pressure strengthening increased,surface pressure gradients increased,but also promote the development of surface wind fields,resulting in high winds,and low level cold advection was a major cause of 7~8 class winds in northwestern Liaoning.
Key words: northeast cold vortex; V-3θ structure analysis; cold advection; strong convective weather
東北冷涡是影响中国东北地区的主要天气系统之一,常引起东北地区强降水、冰雹、大风等天气。东北冷涡降水易发生区并非在冷涡中心处,也不是均匀对称的分布在东北冷涡中,而是发生在偏东南部地区[1]。对于东北冷涡如何引发的局地暴雨、大风、冰雹等作用机理,很多前辈采用不同的方法对其进行研究,孙力等[2]总结了暴雨类和非暴雨类东北冷涡的降水时机和落区,指出暴雨类冷涡降水中心主要位于东北冷涡系统的东南部。陈力强等[3]指出冷涡的不同发展阶段均可对应不稳定能量区,但其分布有较大差异,对流层低层的对于东北冷涡引发的局地暴雨、冰雹、大风等强对流天气的机理暖湿输送及辐合是不稳定能量积累的关键。……
