林年丰 梁硕

摘要：为探究盐碱胁迫对俄罗斯黄花草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）生长的影响和微量元素增强对黄花草木樨抗逆性的作用，进行盐碱土改良试验和微量元素喷洒试验。结果表明，生长于pH为8.5～9.5的盐碱土中的黄花草木樨受盐碱胁迫的危害十分严重，出现发芽率低、植株矮小、生长滞缓、花期缩短、荚少子小、老化早衰等一系列的生态变异现象。种植黄花草木樨的土壤pH以8.0～8.5为宜，最高不宜超过9.0。在碱胁迫下黄花草木樨往往缺乏多种微量元素，从而制约其生长繁殖。通过喷洒P-K肥和B肥，牧草分别增产27.59%和27.21%，喷洒Mn肥和Mo肥，种子分别增产85.45%和58.10%。

关键词：盐碱胁迫；微量元素；黄花草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）抗逆性；土壤环境的适宜性

中图分类号：S541.9；S156.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）04-0031-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.04.008

The Influence of Salinity Stress on Melilotus officinalis

LIN Nian-fenga，LIANG Shuob

（a.College of Environment and Resource；b.College of Earth Science，Jilin University，Changchun 130012，China）

Abstract： In order to explore the influence of salinity-alkalinity stress on Melilotus officinalis and the effect of trace elements to the resistance of M. officinalis，the saline soil improvement experiment and the trace elements spraying experiment were studied. The results showed that M. officinalis was under salinity stress when it grew in pH 8.5～9.5 and occurred a series of plants ecological variation phenomenon like low germination rate，plant small，sluggish growth，flowering shortened，reluctant ripen and few pods，premature aging，et al. It indicated that the suitable soil pH to M. officinalis was 8.0～8.5，and not more than 9.0. M. officinalis lacks of various trace elements under salinity stress which restrained its growth and reproduction. By spraying P-K fertilizer and B fertilizer，M. officinalis grass yield increased by 27.59% and 27.21%，respectively. By spraying Mn fertilizer and Mo fertilizer，seed yield increased by 85.45% and 58.10%，respectively.

Key words： salinity stress； trace elements； the resistance of Melilotus officinalis； the suitability of soil environment

胁迫（Stress）这一概念原用于逆境生物学的研究，是对生物所处不利环境的总称。关于植物对环境胁迫整体抗逆性的研究不断有所进展，已成为生物学中的一个新的研究领域。Selye[1]描述了哺乳动物受到胁迫后的预警-抗衡-衰竭3个反应阶段。预警阶段，即机体的初期反应阶段；抗衡阶段，即预警消失与抗衡增加的阶段；耗竭阶段，即机体抵抗能力消失，适应能力耗尽，而走向死亡[2]。植物生态系统在环境胁迫下也存在相类似的反应，即机体受到胁迫，产生应急反应，以适应环境的变化；随即产生机体抗衡，与胁迫相持；当胁迫作用加强，逐渐出现补偿性反应；胁迫继续强化，补偿功能殆尽，最后导致机体耗竭而衰亡。研究表明抵御胁迫是一种抗逆机制，属于一类化学反应和物理反应。……