师超 丁敬芝 上官力 余凤敏 张小溪 高艳波

摘要：采用田间试验方法比较了不同施肥量（施氮量分别为90.0、97.5和105.0 kg/hm2，氮磷钾比例为1∶1.5∶3.5）处理对烟叶产量、质量的影响。结果表明，处理3（施氮量105.0 kg/hm2）的烟叶产量分别比处理1（施氮量90.0 kg/hm2）和处理2（施氮量97.5 kg/hm2）增加了11.63%和6.05%，处理2的产值最高，分别比处理1和处理3增加了6.76%和0.87%。处理2的上等烟率、上中等烟率和上部烟叶上等烟率分别达到了48.59%、91.49%和60.49%。随着施肥量的增加，烤烟单叶重、烟梗重以及烟叶还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾的含量呈现出逐渐增加的趋势，以处理2的烟叶总糖含量最高，而氯的含量则最低。总之，针对利川市烟区而言，纯氮磷钾用量为97.5、146.25、341.25 kg/hm2时，能够获得较高的产量、质量和经济效益。

关键词：烤烟；施肥；上部烟叶；物理性状；产量；质量

中图分类号：S572.2：S5-33 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）04-0090-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.04.023

Effect of Different Fertilizer Application on the Yield and Upper Leaves Quantity of Flue Cured Tobacco

SHI Chao，DING Jing-zhi，SHANG-GUAN Li，YU Feng-min，ZHANG Xiao-xi，GAO Yan-bo

（Lichuan Branch Company，Enshi Tobacco Company，Lichuan 445400，Hubei，China）

Abstracts： The field experiment were carried out to study the effect of different fertilizer application （the quantity of nitrogen was 90.0， 97.5， 105.0 kg/hm2； the ratio of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium was 1∶1.5∶3.5） on the yield and upper leaves quantity of flue cured tobacco. The results list as follow： compared with treatment 1（N 90.0 kg/hm2） and treatment 2（N 97.5 kg/hm2）， the yield of flue cured tobacco of treatment 3（N 105.0 kg/hm2） was increased by 11.63% and 6.05%. And the production value of treatment 2 increased by 6.76% and 0.87% compared with treatment 1 and treatment 3， respectively. The superior rate， medium-superior rate and superior rate of upper tobacco of treatment 2 were 48.59%， 91.49% and 60.49%， respectively. With the increase of fertilizer application， single leave weight， stem weight， content of reducing sugar， nicotine， total nitrogen and potassium of flue cured tobacco showed a gradually increasing trend； among which total sugar content of treatment 2 was the highest， while chlorine content was the lowest. In conclusion， when the nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application were 97.5， 146.25， 341.25 kg/hm2 in Lichuan city， higher yield， quality and economic benefits of flue cured tobacco could be achieved.

Key words： flue cured tobacco； fertilizer application； upper tobacco； physical properties； yield； quantity

隨着国家烟草产业“减害降焦”战略目标及烟叶资源配置改革的实施，烟株优质上部烟叶在现代混合型卷烟和低焦油烤烟型卷烟叶组配方中起到了主导作用，其对卷烟香味及其风格具有很大贡献[1，2]。如何保障原料支撑、保证原料数量和质量的稳定已成为烤烟工业企业和商业企业共同面对的大难题。而在烤烟生产中，上部烟叶数量只占全株的1/3，并且国内大部分烟区上部叶片窄而偏厚、组织结构致密、僵硬、填充性差、含梗率高、烟碱含量偏高、口味较辛辣、刺激性较大、内在化学成分不够协调、配伍性不强，远远不能满足卷烟工业的要求[3，4]，造成烟农、商业、工业企业三者在上部叶原料的数量、质量上供需矛盾巨大，因此提高烤烟上部叶的质量和可用性是当前烤烟生产中亟待解决的问题[5]。……