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浆果苋种子生物学特性研究

2018-04-09柯芳闫志刚韦树根姚绍嫦董青松

湖北农业科学 2018年4期

柯芳 闫志刚 韦树根 姚绍嫦 董青松

摘要:浆果苋[Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr.]具有祛风利湿、通经活络的功效,是壮族的民间特色药。试验对其种子的形态特征、千粒重、种子发芽条件、种子贮藏条件、不同产地種子质量等进行了比较,旨在为其种子检验和种苗繁育寻求依据。结果表明,浆果苋种子发芽的温度为20~30 ℃,最适宜的发芽温度是25~30 ℃,低温和高温都抑制其萌发。浆果苋种子小,千粒重约为0.3 g;种子寿命短,常温保存约8个月其发芽率下降为0;不同产地采收的成熟种子质量差异不大。

关键词:浆果苋[Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr.];种子;生物学特性

中图分类号:Q949.745.2+2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)04-0079-03

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.04.020

Study on Seed Biological Characteristics of Deeringia amaranthoides

KE Fang,YAN Zhi-gang,WEI Shu-gen,YAO Shao-chang,DONG Qing-song

(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants,Nanning 530023,China)

Abstract: Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr. is a folk drug for the Zhuang nationality, which has the effect of "Qu Feng Li Shi and Tong Jing Huo Luo". Experimental studies on its morphological characteristics, 1 000-grain weight, germination conditions, storage condition and quality from different places were conducted seeking basis for seed testing and seedling breeding. The results showed that seed germinated temperature was 20 to 30 ℃, with the optimum at 25 to 30 ℃. High or low temperature markedly restricted seed germination. The seed is tiny, as its TKW is about 0.3 g. The seed germination rate would reduce to 0 when storage at normal temperature for 8 months. The different in quality of seeds from different places is little.

Key words: Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr.; seed; biological characteristics

浆果苋[Deeringia amaranthoides(Lam.)Merr.] 别名地灵苋,为苋科(Amaranthaceae)苋属(Amaranthus L.)直立草本、披散或攀援状亚灌木植物。全株可供药用,具有祛风利湿、通经活络及治疗风湿性关节炎、肠炎腹泻,痢疾等功效[1],为广西壮族自治区民间应用的特色风湿药,壮药名称九层风。在20世纪60年代,壮族民间医生献方“风湿草药”,其中九层风为其主要原料。近年来,随着九层风药用价值的不断开发,作为主要原料已开发出华佗风痛宝、祛风湿药酒、风湿灵片等多种中成药产品,它们的原料均来源于野生资源。根据第三次全国中药资源普查文献记载,在广西境内,浆果苋分布于桂西南、桂西、桂西北等地。目前正在进行的第四次全国中药资源普查广西试点工作中,发现浆果苋主要生长于低海拔石山区的林缘、山坡林下或灌丛中,由于分布区广泛开荒种蔗造林,浆果苋植株少见,而且分布也很零星。……

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