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豫北地区设施蔬菜休闲期土壤杀菌剂残留特征

2018-04-09李焕刘鸣韬田雪亮李新铮

湖北农业科学 2018年4期

李焕 刘鸣韬 田雪亮 李新铮

摘要:为了明确休闲期豫北地区温室蔬菜土壤杀菌剂残留状况,分析豫北地区5个蔬菜温室春季黄瓜和秋季番茄休闲期土壤杀菌剂的种类和残留量。结果表明,多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、甲霜灵、烯酰吗啉、嘧霉胺、咪鲜胺、三唑酮、苯醚甲环唑、百菌清等杀菌剂均能在土壤中检出,其中春季温室土壤中烯酰吗啉残留水平较高,最高为38.33 μg/kg。秋季温室土壤中苯醚甲环唑残留水平较高,最高为62.70 μg/kg。总体来看,豫北地区休闲期温室土壤仍存在杀菌剂残留。

关键词:设施蔬菜;杀菌剂残留;休闲期

中图分类号:S482.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)04-0056-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.04.014

Characteristic of Fungicide Residue in Greenhouse Soil During Fallow Period in Northern

LI Huan,LIU Ming-tao,TIAN Xue-liang,LI Xin-zheng

(Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China)

Abstract: To investigate characteristic of fungicide reside in greenhouse soil during fallow period,fungicide and residues in greenhouse were analyzed during fallow period of spring cucumber and autumn tomatoes. The results showed that fungicide including carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, metalaxyl, dimethomorph, pyrimethanil, prochloraz, triazolone, difenoconazole and chlorothalonil were all detected. Dimethomorph residue was the highest with 38.33 μg/kg in fallow period in spring. However,difenoconazole residue was the highest with 62.70 μg/kg in fallow period in autumn. In a conclusion, fungicide residue was still in soil during fallow period.

Key words: greenhouse vegetable; fungicide residue; fallow period

農药残留是指农药使用后残存于生物体、农产品(或食品)及环境中的微量农药,除农药本身外,也包括农药的有毒代谢物和杂质,是农药及其他相关物质的总称。农药残留严重影响人体健康,近年来人类的恶性癌症与农药残留超标有关。长期食用农药残留超标的蔬菜、水果,可造成农药在人体内积累,形成慢性中毒,降低人体免疫力,导致其他疾病发生。目前,中国农药年用量为80万~100万t,居世界首位,其中约80%的农药直接进入环境[1],绝大部分农药被土壤吸收。当前农业生产中,设施蔬菜土壤中农药残留现象最为严重。设施蔬菜病害种类多,危害大,农药使用率高,用药量大,且多年连作,造成土壤中农药残留严重,且残留农药种类多[2]。这些残留农药影响后茬植物生长,或带来更多的环境生态问题。此外,杀菌剂大多对人类低毒,所以人类对杀菌剂残留危害的重视程度远远不够。……

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