徐晴 董建辉 许甫超 董静 秦丹丹 王佳维 李梅芳

摘要：以湖北省不同年份主推的26个小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种为材料，大田条件下设置低氮（纯氮：62.55 kg/hm2）和正常氮（纯氮：187.5 kg/hm2）2种水平，研究2种氮素水平下的小麦产量性状、各生育期农艺性状及氮素利用相关性状的差异；同时对与小麦氮素利用效率显著相关的性状进行了分析。结果表明，小麦品种苗期、花期、成熟期地上部干重、子粒产量、氮素积累量等性状在2种氮素水平下均呈现出较大差异，各调查性状值随着氮肥施用量的增加而增加（穗粒数和千粒重除外）；各性状低氮条件下变异系数大于正常氮处理；根据不同品种在2种氮素水平下所能形成的子粒产量，筛选出华麦8号、鄂麦006等9个在2种氮素水平下均高效的品种，和仅在低氮和高氮条件下高效的品种各5个；子粒产量与不同性状间相关性分析表明，小麦成熟期地上部干重、茎秆重、穗数、子粒氮素积累量等与子粒产量呈显著正相关。

关键词：小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）；品种；氮素利用效率；评价指标；相关性分析

中图分类号：S512.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）04-0021-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.04.006

Screening and Correlation Analysis of High Nitrogen Use Efficiency Wheat Varieties

in Hubei Province

XU Qing1a，DONG Jian-hui1b，XU Fu-chao1a，DONG Jing1a，QIN Dan-dan1a，WANG Jia-wei2，LI Mei-fang1a

（1a.Institute of Food Crops/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement；1b.Division of Human Resources，

Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Wuhan 430064，China；2.College of Agronomy，Yangtze University，Jingzhou 434025，Hubei，China）

Abstract： 26 wheat varieties from Hubei province were grown in the field by setting two nitrogen input（low N：62.55 kg/hm2 pure N；optimal N：187.5 kg/hm2 pure N） conditions. The traits that related to the nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） which includ yield and other agronomic traits in different growing stages were investigated. Meanwhile， the correlation coefficients were analyzed between the main NUE-related traits and the yield. The results showed that big differences of the traits among different wheat varieties under the 2 nitrogen levels（except the kernel number per spike and the thousand kernel weight）. The values of all the investigated traits increased upon the increased input of the nitrogen. According to the yield of each variety under the 2 nitrogen levels， all the varieties were classified into four categories. Correlation analysis indicated that the yield had a significant positive correlation with the traits such as the above-ground mass in harvesting stage， straw weight， spike number，and the nitrogen accumulation in the kernel， which could be used as the index during the high NUE wheat germplasm screening.

Key words： wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）； variety； nitrogen use efficiency； evaluation character； correlation analysis

氮素不僅是植物的必需元素，同时也是粮食作物产量的重要保证。然而，近些年来，随着氮肥施用量的增多，与之相关的问题也日趋凸显。氮肥用量虽然很大，但是被作物吸收的还不到50%[1]。多余的氮素通过淋溶、挥发、反硝化的方式流失，给周围的土壤、水域等都造成了污染。同时，由于资源耗竭等问题使得氮肥的生产成本增高，给农业生产造成了巨大的经济压力。……