李迎春 王茂辉 刘念 汤天泽 张体刚 陈军 范其新 李芝凡 蒙大庆

摘要：为了了解缓释硼肥与种子同播的效果以及在四川省绵阳市丘陵区的最佳硼肥施用量，通过在稻油轮作田块进行田间试验，设置4个处理研究不同硼肥与油菜种子同播对直播油菜出苗、成苗、产量及品质的影响。结果表明，缓释硼肥与油菜种子同播不影响直播油菜的出苗和成苗；缓释硼肥与油菜种子同播既能提高油菜产量，也能改善油菜品質，但不同用量之间差异显著，缓释硼肥9 kg/hm2时的油菜产量最高，达到2 668.20 kg/hm2。研究结果能为该地区直播油菜缓释硼肥的合理高效施用提供理论依据。

关键词：缓释硼肥；直播油菜；同播；产量；品质

中图分类号：S565.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）04-0019-02

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.04.005

Effect of Seed Co-sowing with Slow-release Boron Fertilizeron Growth， Yield and Quality of Rape

LI Ying-chun1，WANG Mao-hui2，LIU Nian1，TANG Tian-ze1，ZHANG Ti-gang1，

CHEN Jun1，FAN Qi-xin1，LI Zhi-fan1，MENG Da-qing1

（1.Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Mianyang 621023，Sichuan，China；

2.Yongming Town Agricultural Service Center of Santai County，Santai 621100，Sichuan，China）

Abstract： In order to understand the effect of slow-release boron fertilizer and the optimum boron fertilizer ratein the hilly area of Mianyang， Sichuanprovince， four treatments were used to study the effect of rape seed co-sowing with different boron fertilizers one mergence，seedling growth，yield and quality of rape. The results showed that rape seed co-sowing with slow-release boron fertilizers did not affect emergence and seedling growth. The co-sowing can not onlyincreaseyield but also improve qualityof rape. However，there were significant difference among different boron fertilizer rates. Rapereached the highest yield of 2 668.20 kg/hm2 with the boron fertilizer rate of 9 kg/hm2. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable and efficient application of slow-release boron fertilizer for rape in the area.

Key words： slow-release boron； direct seedingrape； seed co-sowing with fertilizer； quality

受成土母质和气候的影响，中国油菜主产区耕作土壤的含硼量一般较低。四川盆地丘陵区是四川油菜主产区，油菜播种面积已达80万hm2以上。油菜需硼量较大且对缺硼敏感，在四川油菜生产中高度重视施用硼肥，作为一项普及的生产技术，施硼对促进油菜生长发育和保障油菜子产量发挥了重要作用。然而，在实际生产中油菜缺硼现象时有发生，最突出的现象是“花而不实”导致严重减产。究其原因，一是少部分油菜生产者不重视硼肥的施用，二是市场上存在不含硼或含硼量很低的不合格硼肥，三是硼肥施用时期或方法不当（例如严重缺硼土壤只在薹期或花期喷施硼），四是受气候影响追施硼肥效果不佳（例如干旱、雨季时喷施硼等）。……