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强直性脊柱炎患者血清胶原的表达及临床意义

2018-03-29朱俊岭周建尧阎小萍侯韬赵建治王国芳韩晓伟

中国现代医生 2018年5期
关键词:强直性脊柱炎胶原检测

朱俊岭 周建尧 阎小萍 侯韬 赵建治 王国芳 韩晓伟

[摘要] 目的 观察胶原在强直性脊柱炎患者血清中的表达。 方法 30例早中期AS患者入组作为AS组,并以30例健康志愿者为对照组。分别检测AS组和对照组受试者外周血清胶原水平。AS组患者评估Bath强直性脊柱炎病情活动指数(BASDAI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎测量指数(BASMI)及檢测血沉、C反应蛋白。 结果 AS组胶原水平较健康对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。AS组患者按CT结果分级,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级AS患者外周血清胶原水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅰ级AS患者外周血清胶原水平与对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。HLA-B27阳性患者血清胶原水平与HLA-B27阴性患者血清胶原水平比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。Pearson线性相关分析显示胶原水平和BASDAI,BASFI,BASMI,ESR及CRP呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。 结论胶原在AS患者外周血清呈高表达,与AS病情有着密切的关联,可以作为AS病情监测的一个重要指标。

[关键词] 强直性脊柱炎;血清学指标;胶原;检测

[中图分类号] R593.23 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)05-0021-04

[Abstract] Objective To observe the expression of collagen in serum of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Methods 30 patients with early and middle stage AS were enrolled in AS group, and 30 healthy volunteers were used as control group. The levels of peripheral serum collagen in AS group and control group were detected. The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index(BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Function Index(BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Measurement Index(BASMI) of patients in the AS group were evaluated. The ESR and C-reactive protein were detected. Results The level of collagen in the AS group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P<0.05). Patients in the AS group were graded according to the CT results. The levels of peripheral blood collagen in patients with grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ AS were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of serum collagen in grade Ⅰ AS group and control group(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in serum collagen level between HLA-B27 positive patients and HLA-B27 negative patients(P>0.05). Pearson linear correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between collagen level and BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, ESR and CRP(P<0.05). Conclusion Collagen is highly expressed in peripheral blood of AS patients, and is closely related to AS condition, which can be used as an important index for monitoring AS condition.

[Key words] Ankylosing spondylitis; Serological indicators; Collagen; Detection

强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis, AS)是一种脊柱关节疾病,表现为骶髂关节和脊柱附着点炎症,可引起脊柱纤维化和脊柱强直,甚至导致肌肉、骨骼和肺功能受损[1],因而具有较高的致残率。目前其病因仍不清楚[2]。胶原蛋白的过度产生是纤维化的生物标志物[3]。本研究通过检测AS患者血清胶原的表达特点,拟探讨血清胶原与AS临床病理参数的关系及其临床应用价值,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料

选取2015年5月~2017年3月门诊及住院患者30例作为AS组,其中男26例,女4例;年龄20~50 岁,平均(33.50±10.82)岁;病程4个月~18年,平均(12.68±6.12)年。30例患者人白细胞抗原(HLA)-B27阳性23例,阴性者7例。30例AS患者均符合AS修订纽约分类诊断标准[4],并且骶髂关节炎的CT检查显示Ⅲ级以内改变。骶髂关节炎的CT表现按照纽约修订AS骶髂关节的CT分级标准分为 4 级:Ⅰ级11例,髂骨关节面局部毛糙,硬化,边缘模糊,关节面下骨质局限性条状硬化,关节间隙清晰。Ⅱ级16例, 骶髂关节面毛糙,模糊,条状硬化,关节面下骨质条状、小斑片状硬化,关节间隙存在。Ⅲ级13例,关节面毛糙,边缘不光整,凹凸不平呈锯齿状、虫噬状改变,局部见线条状硬化,关节面下骨质见多个小囊状、虫噬状骨质破坏,其周围见斑片状、条状骨质硬化,关节间隙模糊,宽窄不等。Ⅳ级0例,骶髂关节面模糊不清,局部见线状、条片状密度增高硬化影,关节间隙消失,完全融合、强直。所有AS患者均排除:(1)患者有其他血清阴性脊柱关节疾病,需要用肾上腺皮质激素治疗;(2)怀孕或哺乳期妇女;(3)合并心脏、严重原发性心血管、肝、肾、造血系统疾病及精神疾病。同时以30例健康志愿者作为对照组,其中男23例,女7例; 年龄22~51岁,平均(35.10±11.06)岁。两组的年龄、性别等一般资料比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。具有可比性。

1.2方法

分别检测AS组和对照组外周血清胶原水平:采集两组受试者空腹外周静脉血4 mL,离心后分离血清,-70℃冰箱保存待测,运用羟脯氨酸比色法检测血清胶原,羟脯氨酸试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所,具体操作过程按说明书进行。HLA-B27运用流式细胞法检测,采用美国BD公司生产的FACS Calibur流式细胞仪及HLA-B27检测试剂盒,具体操作过程按说明书进行。以CD3-PE标记的T淋巴细胞设门,检测门内细胞抗HLA-B27 FITC信号的平均荧光强度,并与参考值相比较,大于或等于此值判定为HLA-B27阳性,小于则为HLA-B27阴性。同时,记录AS患者Bath强直性脊柱炎病情活动指数(BASDAI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎测量指数(BASMI)及血沉、C反应蛋白、HLA-B27。

1.3 统计学方法

应用 SPSS13.0统计学软件系统进行分析。计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验;采用Pearson直线法进行相关性分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组血清胶原水平比较

AS组患者血清胶原水平为(42.36±10.41)μg/mL,對照组血清胶原水平为(30.57±9.23)μg/mL。AS组胶原水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

2.2 不同CT分级AS患者血清胶原水平

AS组患者按CT结果分级,结果显示:Ⅱ、Ⅲ级AS患者外周血清胶原水平分别为(40.35±12.24)μg/mL、(43.25±11.01)μg/mL,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅰ级AS患者外周血清胶原水平分别为(32.01±10.12)μg/mL,与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),见表1。

2.3 HLA-B27阳性/阴性与血清胶原水平

HLA-B27阳性患者血清胶原水平为(40.03±12.21)μg/mL,HLA-B27阴性患者血清胶原水平为(42.11±10.09)μg/mL,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组胶原水平均较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),见表2。

2.4 AS组临床指标检测结果

AS组中30例患者BASDAI评分为(4.80±0.31)分;BASFI评分为(1.42±0.40)分;BASMI评分为(2.02±0.64)分;ESR为(20.37±6.17)mm/h;CRP为(17.28±5.46)mg/dL。

2.5 AS组血清胶原水平与临床指标相关性分析

Pearsons线性相关分析显示AS组胶原水平和BASDAI、BASFI、BASMI、ESR及CRP呈显著正相关(r=0.562、0.421、0.622、0.406、0.325,P<0.05)。

3 讨论

AS是脊柱关节炎(SPA)最常见的表现形式,是一种慢性免疫介导的炎症为特征的疾病,主要累及中轴骨骼[4],部分可表现为外周关节炎、前葡萄膜炎、银屑病和慢性炎症性肠病等,并伴有心血管或肺部并发症的风险[5-7]。肌腱、韧带和关节囊附着于骨的慢性炎症导致关节结构的改变,形成新骨组织和关节融合[8,9]。椎体骨赘形成和关节强直的改变是AS致残的主要原因。但其发病机制及致病因素尚待阐明。

纤维化在AS的病理改变中起重要作用,可导致骨破坏和关节变形[10]。研究显示纤维化可见于AS患者肺的上部[11]、腰椎及椎旁肌肉部位[12]、椎间盘[13],腹膜后[14]等部位。但AS纤维化的发病机制尚不十分清楚。胶原蛋白的过度产生,尤其是Ⅰ型胶原和纤维连接蛋白(FN),是纤维化的生物标志物,同时其表达受多种细胞因子的调节[3,15,16]。目前关于强直性脊柱炎血清胶原的研究较少,且集中于Ⅰ型胶原的研究[17-19]。所以本研究旨在观察AS患者外周血清总体胶原的表达,同时进一步探讨其在AS病理及临床中的相关意义。

本研究结果表明,AS组胶原含量高于对照组,表明过量的胶原表达与AS的激活状态相关。表明过度的胶原是纤维化的生物标志物[14]。AS组胶原的高表达与AS异常状态相关。AS组患者按CT结果分组Ⅱ、Ⅲ级AS患者外周血清胶原水平较对照组明显升高;Ⅰ级AS患者外周血清胶原水平较对照组无明显差异,提示AS患者外周血清胶原水平与AS影像学改变有一定关联,胶原表达可能参与AS骶髂关节纤维化、骨化相关骨质破坏的病理进程,相关的病理机制需要进一步的研究。

既往研究表明,AS与HLA-B27抗原有非常强的相关性[20],约90%AS患者HLA-B27抗原呈阳性表达[21]。本研究发现,HLA-B27阳性与阴性患者血清胶原水平均高于对照组,而HLA-B27阳性与阴性患者血清胶原水平间无显著性差异,提示AS患者血清胶原水平与HLA-B27无关。

AS疾病活动度的评估比较复杂[22]。AS病情评估临床通常包括三个方面,系统指标(BASDAI[23]、BASFI、BASMI等)、化验指标(ESR,CRP[24]等)及放射学指标。Pearsons线性相关分析显示胶原水平和BASDAI,BASFI,BASMI,ESR及CRP呈显著正相关,提示AS患者血清胶原水平与AS患者疾病活动度、炎症水平呈密切相关。

综上所述,胶原在强直性脊柱炎患者外周血清呈高表达,与AS病情有着密切关联,可以作为AS病情监测的一个重要指标。

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(收稿日期:2017-09-20)

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