社区老年糖尿病患者口腔保健的现状分析
2018-02-25姚洁白姣姣沈晔王明华卢湘王怡
姚洁+白姣姣+沈晔+王明华+卢湘+王怡



摘 要 目的:調查社区老年糖尿病患者口腔保健知识、口腔护理行为及口腔健康的现状。方法:采用自行设计的问卷对2017年4月至6月在上海地区某社区卫生服务中心就医的260例老年糖尿病患者进行现状调查。其中男性148例,女性112例,平均年龄(69.29±5.46)岁,糖尿病平均病程(10.04±0.49)年。结果:口腔保健知识知晓率从高到低依次是牙周炎知晓率(29.2%)、牙周炎与糖尿病双向关系知晓率(12.7%)、吸烟有害口腔健康知晓率(10.0%)、定期洗牙知晓率为0;口腔护理行为执行情况较好的前5位的依次是使用软毛牙刷(85%)、采用竖刷方式(45.8%)、牙痛时及时就医(38.8%)、至少每3个月更换一次牙刷(23.8%)、每天刷牙2次及以上(4.6%);口腔健康状况中牙龈红肿者占53.1%、牙结石者占76.5%、龋齿者占26.2%、牙齿松动者45.8%、牙缺失者占60.8%。单因素分析显示糖化血红蛋白是口腔健康的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论:社区老年糖尿病患者缺乏口腔保健知识,口腔护理行为不佳,口腔健康情况较差,应加强对老年糖尿病患者口腔保健知识的宣教,指导其养成良好的口腔护理行为,从而促进口腔健康。
关键词 糖尿病;口腔保健;老年人
中图分类号:R587.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)02-0050-04
Analysis of the current situation of oral health care in community elderly patients with diabetes mellitus
YAO Jie1, BAI Jiaojiao2, SHEN Ye3, WANG Minghua1, LU Xiang2, WANG Yi2(1.Department of Stomatology of Xianxia Community Health Service Center of Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China; 2.Nursing Department of Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; 3.Head Office of Xianxia Community Health Service Center of Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the oral health knowledge, oral nursing behavior and oral health status of community elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 260 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire in the community health service center in Shanghai from April to June 2017. Among them, there were 148 males and 112 females, the average age was(69.29±5.46) years, and the average course of diabetes was(10.04±0.49) years. Results: The awareness rates of oral health knowledge from high to low were periodontitis(29.2%), bi-directional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus(12.7%), the risk of smoking(10.0%), and regular scaling(0.0%). The top 5 of oral care behaviors were using soft hair brush(85%), using vertical brush way(45.8%), timely medical treatment when teeth were pain(38.8%), replacing the toothbrush(23.8%) at least every 3 months, and brushing teeth 2 times a day and above(4.6%). In oral health status, gingival swelling accounted for(53.1%), tartar(76.5%), dental caries (26.2%), loosen teeth(45.8%) and missing teeth(60.8%). Univariate analysis showed that glycosylated hemoglobin was an influential factor in oral health(P<0.01). Conclusion: The elderly patients with diabetes mellitus lack of oral health knowledge and have poor oral care behavior, and oral health is not good. We should strengthen the education of oral health knowledge for the elderly patients with diabetes and guide them to develop good oral nursing behavior, so as to promote oral health.endprint
KEY WORDS diabetes mellitus; oral health care; elderly people
老年糖尿病是指年龄60岁及以上的糖尿病患者,包括60岁以前诊断和60岁以后诊断的糖尿病患者。我国在2007至2008年的调查数据显示,60岁及以上老年人的2型糖尿病患病率为20.4%[1]。老年人是我国糖尿病防治的重点人群。糖尿病可增加牙周病(龋齿、牙周炎等)的发病概率,目前牙周炎已被确立为糖尿病的第六大并发症[1]。同时,牙周病也会影响糖尿病患者的血糖控制,加速病情进展。因此,如何改善老年糖尿病患者的口腔健康状况已经成为全球性问题[2]。本研究旨在分析社区老年糖尿病患者的口腔健康现状和影响因素,为社区老年糖尿病患者的口腔健康管理提供依据。……
