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健康信念、自我效能感和社会支持对青少年余暇锻炼的影响

2018-02-09董宝林张欢朱乐青程韵枫

山东体育学院学报 2018年5期
关键词:青少年

董宝林 张欢 朱乐青 程韵枫

Influence of health beliefs, self-efficacy and social support on leisure exercise for adolescents

DONG Bao-lin, ZHANG Huan, ZHU Le-qing, CHENG Yun-feng

摘 要: 采用修訂体质健康信念量表、自我效能感量表、青少年社会支持量表和体育活动等级量表对1 402名13~18岁学生(男525人,女877人)进行调查,旨在探讨健康信念、自我效能感和社会支持对青少年余暇锻炼的综合影响,检验自我效能感的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用。结果表明:健康信念、自我效能感、社会支持对青少年践行余暇锻炼皆具积极影响。比较发现,自我效能感是影响青少年余暇锻炼坚持性和积极性的重要因素;在青少年健康信念与余暇锻炼的影响链条上,自我效能感具备了部分中介效应,社会支持具备了调节效应。结论:给予足够的锻炼支持,提升体质健康信念和锻炼自我效能感,可能是促进青少年余暇锻炼的一个有效途径。

关键词: 青少年;健康信念;自我效能感;余暇锻炼;社会支持

中图分类号:G804.8   文献标识码:A  文章编号:1006-2076(2018)05-0106-07

Abstract: [JP2]To explore the comprehensive influence of health beliefs, self-efficacy and social support on leisure exercise for adolescent, further more, to investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy, and the moderating effect of social support. Through using the revised Scale of Physical Fitness Health Belief, Social Support Scale of Adolescent, General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3) this paper made an investigation on 1402 adolescents aged 13-18 years (male=525, female=877). Results indicated that the health beliefs, self-efficacy, and social support have positive impacts on practice of adolescent leisure exercise ( P <0.01), moreover, through the comparison, the self-efficacy is the important variables that affect the persistence and enthusiasm of adolescents' leisure exercise. The self efficacy has partial mediating effect and the social support has moderating effect on the affecting chain of the health beliefs and adolescents' leisure exercise.  Conclusions:  Giving enough exercise support, and improving the physical health belief and exercise self-confidence continuously might be an effective way that promote the leisure exercise for adolescents.

Key words: adolescent; Health beliefs; self-efficacy; leisure exercise; social support

余暇锻炼是为达到健康、健美、娱乐等目的而利用余暇时间进行的各种身体练习活动,是青少年学习生活不可或缺的一部分[1]。在“全国亿万学生阳光体育运动”推行与开展的今天,尽管青少年体育健身状况得到一定改善[2],但仍有部分青少年迫于《国家学生体质健康标准》测试或为应付体育课程考核,而非自觉、主动地参与余暇锻炼[3]。此外,许多学校、社区实行“两不管”政策,余暇时间常被辅导班、课后作业挤占,致使青少年余暇锻炼的发展盘散行汲。在缺乏行为信念与外界支持情况下,青少年很难形成积极、自主且具坚持性的锻炼行为,这不仅使青少年身心健康发展后继无力,还必将与终身体育健康理念背道而驰。……

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