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北京市朝阳区城乡过渡带冬季采暖燃煤及大气污染物排放量估算

2018-01-31刘茜李泓曹磊肖劲岩

科技创新与应用 2018年4期

刘茜 李泓 曹磊 肖劲岩

摘 要:利用2016年春季(3-6月)多景镶嵌的高分辨率遥感卫星数据,解译得到朝阳区城鄉过渡带平房区面积。结合典型区域的实地外业调查,细化、优化平房区面积。在此基础上,利用入户调查收集的统计数据(取暖面积,建筑面积,年燃煤量等)并结合相关文献调研的无烟煤/有烟煤的排放因子测算朝阳城乡过渡带的冬季燃煤量和大气污染物排放量。结果表明朝阳平房区在2016年总燃烧散煤33.71万吨,其中十八里店地区和崔各庄地区燃煤量最大,分别达到了3.93万吨和3.44万吨。2016年朝阳区因民用燃煤排放产生的大气污染物SO2为1080吨;VOCs(挥发性有机物)为513吨;NOx的总量为318吨;PM10和PM2.5排放总量基本相当,分别为823吨和785吨。

关键词:朝阳;城乡过度带;遥感数据;燃煤;大气污染物

中图分类号:X51 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2018)04-0001-05

Abstract: Based on the high resolution remote sensing satellite data inlaid in the spring of 2016 (i.e. March through June), the area of cottage area in the urban and rural transitional zone of Chaoyang District is obtained. Combined with the field investigation of typical area, the area of cottage area is refined and optimized. On this basis, the use of the statistical data (heating area, building area, annual coal consumption, etc.) collected through household survey, and in combination with the anthracite/bituminous coal emission factors, the amounts of coal burning and air pollutant emission in winter in the urban and rural transitional zone of Chaoyang are calculated. The results show that 337,100 tons of coal was burned in Chaoyang's cottage area in 2016, and among them Shibalidian and Cuigezhuang rank the top two, reaching 39,300 tons and 34,400 tons respectively. In 2016, the atmospheric pollutant SO2 produced by coal burning in Chaoyang District was 1080 tons, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) 513 tons, the total amount of NOx is 318 tons, and the total emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 are about the same, 823 tons and 785 tons respectively.

Keywords: Chaoyang District; urban and rural transitional zone; remote sensing data; coal combustion; atmospheric pollutants

长期以来,我国的大气污染一直以烟煤型为主(赵文慧等,2003),尤其是在冬季,我国北方地区多数以燃煤方式来取暖,致使大气污染加重。燃煤燃烧会产生大量的颗粒物(PM2.5)还会产生SO2,NO,烃类等有害气体,这些气体在大气中会经过二次反应增强有害气体的产生,对环境和人体健康都会有巨大危害(YANG et al., 2011; LAN et al., 2002)。北京的PM2.5来源主要是机动车、燃煤、工业和扬尘等。根据北京市环境监测中心发布的数据,其贡献率分别为31.1%,22.4%、18.1%和14.3%。燃煤位居第二位,对环境的污染是值得引起关注的。掌握民用燃煤使用量对于全面开展大气面源污染监管和监理具有重要意义。

《北京市2013-2017年清洁空气行动计划》中提出,到2017年,全市燃煤总量比2012年削减1300万吨,控制在1000万吨以内,煤炭占能源消费比重下降到10%以下,优质能源消费比重提高到90%以上。……

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