王贵珍 贾笑英 曾能杰 唐海峰 蔡锋

摘 要 通过市场的销售规律来掌握凤梨田间管理的催花时间，是抓住凤梨市场商机和利润的关键。试验通过记录不同催花时间下凤梨达到成熟所需要的时间，以此帮助种植户和相关种植企业准确预估催花时间和上市时间。研究结果表明：（1） 在海南地区 6、7月和8月初催花，由于天气炎热，温度和降水适宜，“催花-采摘”时间约120 d；（2） 8月中旬至11月下旬催花，由于温度逐渐降低，“催花-采摘”时间逐渐延长，最长达180 d。（3） 12月初至2月底催花，温度逐渐升高，降水增多，“催花-采摘”时间从175 d逐渐减少至130 d。因此，12月中旬至1月底催花的植株，采摘时间基本在6月，应做好相应市场调整。由于凤梨主要是销售鲜果，要做好田间采收与市场销售的无缝链接，保证良好的经济效益。

关键词 凤梨 ；金钻17号 ；催花 ；抽蕾

中图分类号 S682 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.10.013

Abstract It is the key to grasp the business opportunities and high profits of the pineapple market through controlling the forced flowering time in the field management based on market demand. The maturity time of pineapple under different flowering time was recorded in order to help growers and related companies accurately estimate flowering time and marketing time. The results showed that pineapple plants need 120 days from flowering to harvesting when forced to flower in June， July and August in Hainan due to high temperature and moderate rainfall， 180 days when forced to flower in mid-August to late November due to the decreasing temperature， 175 days to 130 days when forced to flower in the beginning of December to the end of February when the temperature and the precipitation gradually increased. The fruit of the plants forced to flower at the end of December to the end of January were all harvested basically in June. It is necessary to adjust the forced flowering time based on the market. Pineapples are mainly sold as fresh fruits， and therefore， a good link between field harvest and market could ensure good economic returns.

Keywords pineapple ； Golden Diamond No. 17 ； forced flowering ； floral bud shooting

凤梨属于热带名果之一，原产于南美洲热带雨林地区，现广泛分布于南北纬30°之间的国家和地区。我国的凤梨主产区主要分布在海南、广东、广西、云南、福建等低纬度省区[1]。其中‘台农17号金钻凤梨是采用杂交育种方法培育出的优良的鲜食凤梨品种[2]，由于其果实细嫩可口、极耐存储，适合大面积种植与大宗贸易。针对近几年凤梨市场出现的“果贱伤农”事件的屡屡发生[3-4]，本研究自2015年8月，由海南华海实业发展有限公司从台湾省引进‘金钻17号凤梨高效的种植技术，采用全年种植的生产-销售模式，经过2年的生产销售，分析水果市场对凤梨的需求规律认为，在田间生产过程中催花时间的合理安排是紧跟市场需求，获得可观经济收益的关键。……