孙甲甲 涂悦 刘洋

[摘要] 目的 比较经背部入路和经腹部入路构建肾血管性高血压大鼠模型的优缺点。 方法 将50只雌性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组（n = 10）、腹部入路组（n = 20）和背部入路组（n = 20）。腹部入路组沿腹正中线取约2.5 cm纵行切口，背部入路组经双侧脊柱旁肾脏所在处取约1.5 cm纵行切口，两组大鼠均结扎双侧肾动脉后支，缝合后自由饮食饲养。比较两组血压水平的变化、手术时长、伤口是否被啃食、术后感染率和死亡率。结果 腹部入路组及背部入路组大鼠术后3个月时血压均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）；与腹部入路组比较，背部入路组大鼠手术时长较短，术后感染率较低，但被啃食例数较多，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；术后3个月时背部入路组与腹部入路组大鼠死亡率比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 两种入路构建肾血管性高血压大鼠模型各有特点，且术后的护理至关重要，需根据实际情况进行选择。

[关键词] 肾血管性高血压；肾动脉；大鼠模型

[中图分类号] R615 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）10（b）-0013-04

[Abstract] Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of back approach and abdominal approach of establishing renovascular hypertension rat models. Methods According to random number table method， 50 female SD rats were divided into control group （n = 10）， abdominal approach group （n = 20） and back approach group （n = 20）. Abdominal approach group was made an incision for about 2.5 cm along the abdominal medialline， back approach group was made two longitudinal incisions for about 1.5 cm along the bilateral paravertebral line where kidney located， both groups underwent ligation of posterior branches of bilateral renal arteries， with free diet after suture. The blood pressure， operation time， whether the wound was chewed， postoperative infection rate and mortality of the two groups were compared. Results After 3 months of operation， the blood pressure of abdominal approach group and back approach group was signifcantly higher than that of control group （P < 0.05）. Compared with abdominal approach group， the operation time of back approach group was shorter， the postoperative infection rate was lower， while the number of cases being chewed was larger， the differences were statistically significant （P < 0.05）. After 3 months of operation， there was no significant difference on the mortality between abdominal approach group and back approach group （P > 0.05）. Conclusion The two approaches of establishing renovascular hypertension rat models have their own characteristics， and the postoperative nursing care is very important. It is necessary to choose the approach according to the actual conditions.

[Key words] Renovascular hypertension； Renal artery； Rat model

腎血管性高血压（renovascular hypertension，RVHT）是指肾动脉狭窄引起肾脏血流减少，肾实质破坏，进而激活肾素-血管紧张素系统，最终导致的血压升高[1]。由于RVHT模型构建简便且稳定可靠，故其已成为研究高血压发病机制和相关疾病药物评价的常用模型之一[2]。但与此同时，该模型的构建方法尚未标准化[3]，特别是造模的手术方式更鲜有比较。故本研究拟将构建RVHT大鼠模型的两种手术方式进行比较，旨在为相关模型的构建提供更多参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验动物

清洁级雌性SD大鼠50只，8～10周龄，体重250～300 g，购于军事医学科学院，许可证号为SCXK-（军）2012-0004。在12 h/12 h明暗交替的条件下饲养，4只/笼，供以标准饲料，自由饮食。手术操作开始前，将50只雌性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组（n = 10）、腹部入路组（n = 20）和背部入路组（n = 20）。……