郭青 覃巍

[摘要] 目的 研究早期参与老年服务学习对改善医学生老年知识和态度的效果。 方法 2017年9月面向某综合性大学臨床医学专业招募2016级本科二年级学生90名，分为实验组和对照组，每组各45名。实验组与社区老年人配对进行为期8周的老年服务学习，对照组不给予任何干预。干预前后采用老年人态度量表（KAOP）和老化知识问卷（FAQ1）对两组的干预效果进行评估。 结果 干预前两组KAOP总分以及各维度得分比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；干预后实验组的KAOP总分以及各维度得分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。干预前两组FAQ1得分比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；干预后实验组FAQ1得分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论 早期开展老年服务学习有利于改善医学生对老年人的态度，同时可帮助医学生掌握更多老化知识。

[关键词] 服务学习；医学生；老年人；态度

[中图分类号] R47-4；G642 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）10（b）-0165-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of early participation and aged service learning on improving the knowledge and attitudes of medical students. Methods In September 2017， 90 graduates of the second year of undergraduate degree were recruited for a comprehensive university clinical medicine major， they were divided into experimental group and control group， with 45 graduates in each group. The experimental group was paired with the elderly in the community， and an 8-week elderly service study was conducted. The control group did not give any intervention. Before and after the intervention， the Kogan′s attitudes towards old people （KAOP） and facts on aging quiz （FAQ1） were used to evaluate the intervention effect of the two groups. Results There were no statistically significant in KAOP total scores and each dimension scores before the intervention between the two groups （P > 0.05）， after the intervention， the KAOP total scores and each dimension scores of experimental group were higher than those of control group， the differences were statistically significant （P < 0.05）. There was no statistically significant in FAQ1 score before the intervention between the two groups （P > 0.05）， after the intervention， the FAQ1 score of experimental group was higher than that of control group， the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Early participation and aged service learning is beneficial to improving medical students' attitude towards the elderly， at the same time helping medical students to master more knowledge of aging.

[Key words] Service learning； Medicine students； The elderly； Attitude

随着人口老龄化的发展，医学生作为医疗服务的后备力量，将走上工作岗位为越来越多的老年人提供医疗健康服务。然而，调查显示，受社会上对老年人消极、负面的刻板印象和年龄歧视的影响，医学生群体对老年人表现出不同程度的消极态度[1-2]。消极的态度可导致医生与老年人的互动减少，降低老年人卫生服务的利用度，甚至可能发生较为严重的医疗事故[3]。因此，加强医学生对老年人态度的正向引导，提升其对老年人积极的态度，已经刻不容缓。服务学习是一种教育创新方法。它可以通过提供机会给学生到社区真实生活情境中学习体验，使学生在与服务对象的不断互动中，通过检验自我与他人相关的态度和价值系统对自己固有观点和看法做出判断和修正[4-5]。本……