张青 杨珍 宋金香 孟莹莹 余艳

摘 要 目的：了解上海市徐汇区高中毕业生视力状况，初步探讨影响视力的相关因素，为高中生的近视防治工作提供参考依据。方法：对2016年上海市徐汇区18所中学3 517名高中毕业生进行问卷调查及视力检查，其中男生1 742人，女生1 775人。普通中学高中的学生2 155人，重点中学高中的学生1 362人。年龄17～19岁。分析视力状况及相关影响因素。结果：上海市徐汇区高中毕业生的近视检出率为90.0%，其中女生近视患病率高于男生，重点高中近视的患病率高于普通高中，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；多因素logistic回归分析显示家长监督及正确的读写姿势是视力的保护性因素。结论：徐汇区高中毕业生近视患病率较高，高中生的视觉健康问题应引起重视。加强对学生视力监督及培养学生正确读写姿势是改善中学生视力健康的重要环节。

关键詞 视力；高中毕业生；因素分析

中图分类号：R778.1文献标志码：A文章编号：1006-1533（2018）24-0056-04

Investigation of the current status of visual acuity of senior high school graduates in Xuhui District， Shanghai and analysis of influencing factors

ZHANG Qing， YANG Zhen， SONG Jinxiang， MENG Yinyin， YU Yan

（Physical Examination Station of Fenglin Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District，Shanghai 200030，China）

ABSTRACTObjective：To investigate the visualacuity of senior high school graduates in Xuhui District of Shanghai to explore there levant factors affecting vision for providing are ference for the prevention and treatment of myopia. Methods：A total of 3 517 senior high school graduates from 18 middle schools in Xuhui District of Shanghai were investigated with questionnaires and visualacuity tests were conducted， among them， there were 1 742 male and 1 775 female. There were 2 155 ordinary senior high school students and 1 362 key senior high school ones.The age was 17～19 years old. Visualacuity and there lated factors were analyzed. Results： The prevalence rate of myopia in senior high school graduates in Xuhui District， Shanghai was 90%， the prevalence of myopia in girls was higher than that in boys， the prevalence rate of myopia in key high schools was higher than that in ordinary high schools， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parental supervision and correct reading and writing posture were protective factors for vision. Conclusion：The prevalence of myopia in senior high school graduates in Xuhui District is high， and attention should be paid to the visual health problems of senior high school students. Strengthening the supervision of students eye sight and training students correct reading and writing posture are the important links to improve the eye sight health of high school students.

KEY WORDS eye sight； high school graduate； factor analysis

2012年我国高中生和大学生的近视患病率都超过70%，并逐年增加。青少年近视患病率已经高居世界第一位[1]。视力低下已经在中学普遍存在，对学生的生活、学习、专业选择等方面造成很大的影响[2]，严重影响学生的身心健康[3]。另外，近视还是发生眼科疾病（并发性白内障、黄斑出血、玻璃体混浊，严重的有视网膜脱落）的危险因素。既往对中小学生视力的研究较多，而专门针对高中毕业生研究相对较少。本研究旨在分析参加高考的高中生视力情况及相关影响因素，为高中生的近视防治提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

对所有参加2016年上海市普通高等院校招生体检的徐汇区高中毕业生人群进行调查。共调查来自徐汇区18所中学的3 517名高中生，其中男生1 742人，女生1 775人。普通中学高中的学生2 155人，重点中学高中的学生1 362人。……