上海某社区孤独症谱系障碍筛查情况分析
2018-01-13罗娟娟
罗娟娟

摘 要 目的:分析田林社区幼儿孤独症谱系障碍(ADS)筛查工作状况,为提高筛查工作质量提供依据。方法:对2012年9月至2017年12月通过问卷调查法和医师现场观察法筛查的2 884例18~24月龄幼儿ADS情况进行分析。结果:在筛查的2 884人中,筛查阳性人数72人,阳性率为2.50%。男性阳性率3.36%,女性阳性率1.54%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。问卷调查法和医师现场观察法吻合度较弱(k=0.397,P<0.001)。社区筛查结果与妇幼所复筛的结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:田林社区孤独症谱系障碍筛查工作质量还有待提高,加强对基层妇幼保健医师的业务培训和对幼儿家长的健康宣教,是做到早期识别、早期行为干预和教育的关键。
关键词 18~24月龄幼儿;孤独症谱系障碍;筛查
中图分类号:R749.94 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)24-0038-02
Analysis of the screening of autism spectrum disorder in a community in Shanghai
LUO Juanjuan
(Maternal and Child Group of Tianlin Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the screening status of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in children in Tianlin Community to provide basis for improving the quality of screening work. Methods: From September 2012 to December 2017, ASD situation of 2 884 children aged 18 to 24 months screened by questionnaire survey method and on-site physician observation method was analyzed. Results: Of the 2 884 children screened, 72 children were positive, with a positive rate of 2.50%. The male positive rate was 3.36%, and the female positive rate was 1.54%, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The coincidence degree between the questionnaire survey method and the on-site observation method was weak(k=0.397, P<0.001). There was a significant difference between the results of the community screening and the rescreening results of maternal and child institution(P<0.001). Conclusion: The quality of ASD screening in Tianlin Community needs to be improved, and strengthening the professional training of primary MCH doctors and health education for parents of young children is the key to early identification, early behavioral intervention and education.
KEY WORDS children aged 18 to 24 months; autism spectrum disorder; screening
孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)也称自闭症,是一组以社交障碍、语言交流障碍、兴趣或活动范围狭窄及重复刻板行为为主要特征的神经发育性障碍[1]。其病因未明,致残率极高,已成为对这类儿童生存与发展构成巨大危害的公共卫生问题[2]。近年来的流行病学调查显示,全球范围内ASD患病率均出现上升趋势,是目前全球患病人数增长最快的严重疾病之一[1]。目前ASD没有很好的治疗方法,只能采取一些干预措施以最大程度将ASD与生俱来的特征性缺陷最小化[1]。因此,早期识别、早期行为干预和教育显得尤为重要。上海市田林社區于2012年9月加入由复旦大学附属儿科医院组织实施的ASD三级筛查网络。本文分析上海田林社区ADS筛查工作状况,为提高筛查工作质量提供依据。
1 对象和方法
1.1 对象
对居住在上海田林社区,并且在社区卫生服务中心儿童保健门诊接受定期(系统门诊)或不定期(自由门诊)健康检查的18~24月龄的所有幼儿进行ADS筛查。2012年9月至2017年12月共筛查了2 884名幼儿,其中男性1 517人,女性1 367人。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 问卷调查法……
