广义虚拟经济视角下中国装备制造业GVC升级的冲突分析
2018-01-10王英吕慧文
王英+吕慧文



摘 要:中国装备制造业全球价值链地位亟待提升,但其升级势必伴随着与发达国家的冲突,因而受到阻碍。从广义虚拟经济视角出发,构建冲突分析图模型,对“中国装备制造业全球价值链升级”中的冲突问题进行识别,认为其升级过程中受技术冲突、市场冲突和治理冲突的阻碍。自主创新的意识和能力是解决技术冲突的重点;“让利换市场”是目前解决市场冲突的有效路径,但不是长久之计;通过技术创新、品牌构建和服务完善带来附加值的提升才是摆脱发达国家价值链治理的根本之策。
关键词:装备制造业;全球价值链;冲突分析;图模型
中图分类号:F426 文献标识:A 文章编号:1674-9448 (2017) 02-0005-07
Conflict Analysis of Upgrading in Global Value Chain of Chinas Equipment Manufacturing Industry
WANG Ying LV Hui-wen
(College of Economic and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China)
Abstract: The global value chain status of Chinas equipment manufacturing industry needs to be improved, but its upgrading has been blocked because of conflicts with developed countries. Equipment manufacturing industries are divided by producer-driven or buyer-driven in this paper. From the perspective of general-ized virtual economy and based on the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR), identify the conflicts of technology, market and governance. Innovation is the key of technology conflict. “Profit in exchange for market” is the strategy for market conflict for now but its not the solution in the long run. To enhance the added value by innovation, brand building and service is the fundamental strategy to get rid of governance of developed countries in GVC.
Keywords: equipment manufacturing industry, global value chain, conflict analysis, graph model
一、引 言
制造業是国民经济的主体,“中国制造2025”更为装备制造业的发展奠定了高端、智能、绿色、创新等基调,立志将我国从工业大国转型为工业强国。中国装备制造业的研发制造实力不断增强,但同欧美发达国家相比,仍有一定差距。更需要注意的是,中国装备制造业的发展是在经济全球化和全球价值链分工不断深化的环境下进行的。在以发达国家为主导的全球价值链分工体系中,和其他制造业一样,中国装备制造业也可能面临“低端锁定”的危险。以价值链升级为导向实现中国装备制造业的长足发展,便成为重要的战略选择。
在外资驱动主导的代工模式和国际生产分割条件下,存在许多影响中国实现全球价值链升级的障碍因素,比如微观层面的企业技术能力和生产规模(于明超,2006)[1],劳动力素质、产业基础生产能力、服务配套设施(高越和杨明,2011)[2],以及政策制定和市场需求(张慧明和蔡银寅,2015)[3]等。……
