运动对骨骼和肌肉的共调作用研究
2018-01-08赵常红李世昌孙朋徐帅方幸季浏
赵常红++李世昌++孙朋++徐帅++方幸++季浏
摘 要:骨骼是一种由肌肉和重力共同作用的生物力学组织。年龄的增加、疾病的产生、神经肌肉营养不良、内分泌不足等会导致骨骼和肌肉同时出现质量衰减及功能障碍。通过肌肉组织和骨组织代谢的相互作用,提出运动可能是骨和肌肉共调解的有效方式。方法:采用文献资料法回顾近年来有关骨骼和肌肉相互作用共调节的研究成果。结果:发现骨骼和肌肉是一个关系紧密的整体,通过共享机制,在细胞和分子水平相互作用,达到共调控的平衡发展状态。结论:运动锻炼是实现共调节作用的一种有效方式,在增加肌肉质量和肌肉力量的同时,阻止骨量流失。
关键词:骨骼;肌肉;共调节;运动
中图分类号:G 804.7 文章编号:1009-783X(2017)06-0565-06 文献标识码:A
Abstract: Bone is a kind of biomechanics which is composed of muscle and gravity. The increase of age, the generation of disease, the muscular dystrophy, the endocrine insufficiency and so on can result in simultaneous mass attenuation and the dysfunction of the bone and the muscle. Through the interaction between muscle tissue and bone metabolism, it is suggested that exercise may be an effective way to mediate bone and muscle. Methods: literature review on the regulation of bone and muscle interactions in recent years was reviewed. Results: through the review of the literature in recent years, it is found that the skeleton and muscle are closely related to each other, and they can interact with each other at the cellular and molecular level through the sharing mechanism to achieve the balance. Conclusion: exercise training is an effective way to achieve inter-regulation, which can prevent bone loss while increasing muscle mass and muscle strength.
Keywords: skeleton; muscle; interaction; movement
近年研究發现,在生长过程中,骨骼和肌肉都可以作为与内分泌共同发挥作用的器官[1-3]。随着机体的不断衰老和疾病引起的肌肉衰减,肌肉力量或运动能力也会大受损失[4]。此外,缺乏运动或神经肌肉功能障碍,例如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心脏衰竭、中风、癌症、帕金森病或糖皮质激素治疗等引起的肌肉废用会导致骨量流失,继发骨质疏松症。近年来发现,骨质疏松症同样也会伴有肌肉减少症,而且会增加跌倒的风险[5],二者同属衰减性疾病;因此,得名为骨骼-肌肉衰减综合症,即骨质疏松症和肌肉衰减症[6]。对此,可以通过加强骨骼与肌肉的相互作用实现共同治疗。药物治疗无法降低肌肉衰减带来的虚弱,但是通过体育锻炼可以将骨骼-肌肉作为一个整体单位予以加强,可以提高肌肉力量和身体平衡性。……
