竹笋膳食纤维、脂肪和淀粉对中式香肠品质的影响
2017-12-12宋玉母应春苏伟王德斌
宋玉+母应春+苏伟+王德斌
摘 要:为确定竹笋膳食纤维(bamboo shoots dietary fiber,BSDF)、脂肪和淀粉添加量对香肠品质特性的影响和最优配比,在单因素试验基础上,通过Box-Behnken试验,以感官(色泽、组织状态、外观、风味和口感)和质构指标(硬度、弹性、黏性和咀嚼性)的综合得分为响应值,对BSDF、脂肪和淀粉的添加量进行优化,并将采用最优配方生产的低脂香肠的品质特性与传统香肠(脂肪添加量20%)进行对比。结果表明:生产低脂香肠的最佳工艺条件为BSDF添加量4.2%、脂肪添加量15.2%、淀粉添加量3.2%,在此条件下香肠的综合品质最佳;相较于传统香肠,低脂香肠的脂肪含量降低了4.8%,且营养价值和质量特性得到改善,BSDF具有用作食品中脂肪替代物、填充剂和营养添加剂的潜力。
关键词:竹笋膳食纤维;脂肪;淀粉;香肠;感官评定;质构
Abstract: In the present study, the formulation of Chinese sausage using dietary fiber (BSDF), fat and starch from bamboo shoots as ingredients was optimized using a combination of one-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design. Overall quality in terms of sensory attributes (color, structure, flavor and taste) and texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters (hardness, springiness, adhesiveness and chewiness) was considered as response variable. The quality characteristics of the sausage prepared using the optimized formulation were compared with those of traditional sausage (with 20% fat). The results showed that the optimal combination for the best overall quality was 4.2% BSDF, 15.2% fat and 3.2% starch. The new product contained 4.8% less fat and had improved nutritional value and quality characteristics than the traditional one. The findings of this study led us to conclude that BSDF has potential applications as a fat substitute, filler and nutritional supplement in foods.
Key words: bamboo shoot dietary fiber; fat; starch; sausage; sensory evaluation; texture
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201711007
中图分类号:TS251.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2017)11-0038-07
中式香肠大多以畜禽肉为主要原料制成,具有营养丰富、食用方便、便于携带等优点,但是由于传统香肠的脂肪和胆固醇含量较高,缺乏水溶性维生素、膳食纤维和矿物质,食用过多易引发高血压和动脉硬化等疾病[1]。降低香腸中的脂肪含量会使香肠不能有效地结合水,从而变得质地坚韧、干燥并形成橡胶状[2]。国内外研究人员已尝试通过添加膳食纤维[3-5]、卡拉胶[6]、淀粉[7]、麦麸[8-9]、β-葡聚糖[10-11]、蛋白质[12]和魔芋[13]等非脂肪成分来改善低脂食品的品质特性。
膳食纤维的添加可以改善香肠等肉制品的感官和质量特性,Eim等[14]对胡萝卜膳食纤维在干发酵香肠中的应用进行研究,发现添加3%的胡萝卜膳食纤维能够改善香肠的感官和质量特性。……
