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超声波解冻对猪肉品质的影响

2017-12-12蒋奕程天赋王吉人俞龙浩

肉类研究 2017年11期

蒋奕+程天赋+王吉人+俞龙浩

摘 要:以20 ℃静水解冻为对照组,5 种不同超声波功率(100、200、300、400、500 W)解冻为处理组,研究超声波解冻对猪肉品质及加工特性的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,超声波处理可以缩短猪肉的解冻时间,但汁液损失较大,随着超声波功率的增大,猪肉的蒸煮损失率增大,200 W超声波处理组猪肉的压榨保水性高于其他处理组;与对照组相比,除100 W超声波处理组外,不同超声波功率解冻处理均能显著降低猪肉的pH值和亮度值(L*)(P<0.05),且随着超声波功率的增大,各处理组样品的pH值和L*均呈降低趋势;500 W处理组猪肉的剪切力值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且随着超声波功率的增大,各处理组样品的剪切力逐渐降低;对照组样品的横向弛豫时间T23峰面积显著低于500 W超声波处理组(P<0.05),各超声波处理组样品的T23峰面积比随着超声波功率的增大而增加;样品中水溶性蛋白质和盐溶性蛋白质的含量随着超声波功率的增大均呈下降趋势。200 W的超声波解冻功率是既能缩短解冻时间,又能减少猪肉品质降低的最佳功率。

关键词:超声波解冻;静水解冻;超声波功率;猪肉品质

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonic thawing on pork quality and processing characteristics. Still water thawing (20 ℃) was used as control group, while ultrasonic thawing at five different powers (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 W) were used as treatment group. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment shortened thawing time but increased thawing loss compared with the control group. Cooking loss increased with ultrasonic power, and the water-holding capacity of 200 W ultrasonic treatment was higher than the other treatment groups. But pH value and L* value were significantly lower in all treatment groups except the 100 W group than the control group (P < 0.05), and they were inversely correlated with ultrasonic power. Ultrasonic treatment at 500 W caused a significant increase in shear force in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05), and the shear force decreased with increasing ultrasonic power. Moreover, the transverse relaxation T23 peak area ratio in the control group was significantly lower than in the 500 W ultrasonic treatement group (P < 0.05), and this parameter increased with ultrasonic power. Water-soluble and salt-soluble protein contents both decreased with the increase in ultrasonic power. The above results demonstrated that an ultrasonic power of 200 W was the optimal thawing condition to not only shorten thawing time but also lessen the deterioration of pork quality.

Key words: ultrasonic thawing; still water thawing; ultrasonic power; pork quality

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201711003

中圖分类号:TS251.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2017)11-0014-06

冷冻贮藏是保存肉类及肉类产品广泛使用的方法,然而,由于肌球蛋白变性、机械损伤以及肌原纤维蛋白的交联和聚集,肉品在冷冻、冷冻贮藏和解冻过程中仍然会发生质量恶化,特别是质地、风味和色泽的变化[1]。冻结过程中冰晶的形成会破坏肉品的超微结构,并浓缩溶质,导致在细胞水平上发生的生物化学反应影响肉的物理质量参数。冷冻肉质量损失的程度取决于多种因素,包括冻融速率、解冻方法、贮藏温度和温度波动[2]。解冻肉的品质也由多种因素决定,包括相对空气湿度、有效解冻时间和超声波等不同解冻方法的选择[3]。超声波是在20 kHz~1 MHz频率范围内超过人类听觉范围的声波[4],超声波可以加快热量和质量传递,中断聚集并破坏大分子链。彭登峰等[5]发现超声波能够提高荞面碗托的解冻速率。Kissam等[6]的研究表明,1.5 kHz的超声频率可以使冷冻鱼的解冻时间比单独温水解冻缩短71%,这可能是由于低频、可听见的声音接近冰晶的共振频率,能够引发冰晶振动,从而起到解冻的作用。……

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