王宇亮+靳英燕+李红梅+高洁+巩敏莹

【摘 要】在分析西北地区中部航空器飞行实例的大尺度环流背景基础上，对一个颠簸物理量场特征模型的适用性进行了研究验证和分析，结果表明，飞机顛簸产生在气压梯度相对较大且存在气旋性切变的环境中，颠簸区恰是正负垂直速度的转换区，梯度密集区吻合飞机实际发生颠簸的区域，也即垂直P速度由均匀场变换为非均匀场，与共性特征研究结果一致。颠簸出现在冷性和暖性平流交汇且靠近暖性平流侧。不稳定的冷暖平流垂直配置及正涡度平流输送造成局地性涡度增加，使上升运动加强，局部垂直环流发展，加剧颠簸程度。飞机发生颠簸的区域出现流场的间断线，同时间断线处上升气流与下沉气流共存是造成飞机难以操控的主要原因。流线分布状况的辨析为飞机颠簸的分析和预警服务带来新思路。

【关键词】飞机颠簸；物理量场；动力学共性；特征模型

中图分类号： P458.3 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 2095-2457（2017）23-0094-003

【Abstract】Based on the analysis of the large-scale circulation background of the aircraft flight in the northwest China，the applicability of a bumpy physical field model is verified and analyzed.The results show that the airplane turbulence is caused by the relatively large gas pressure gradient and the existence of cyclone In the environment of the shear zone， the bump area is the positive and negative vertical velocity conversion area.The gradient-intensive area coincides with the actual bumpy area of the aircraft，that is，the vertical P velocity is changed from the uniform field to the nonuniform field， which is consistent with the common characteristic The The bumps appear in the confluence of cold and warm advection and close to the warm advection side.Unstable vertical and horizontal advection and positive vorticity caused by the increase of local vorticity，so that the ascending movement to strengthen the local vertical circulation development，aggravate the degree of bumps.Aircraft in the bumpy area of the flow field of the intermittent line，at the same time between the rising air flow and subsidence flow coexistence is difficult to control the main reason for the aircraft.The analysis of the distribution of the streamlines brings new ideas for the analysis and early warning services of aircraft bumps.

【Key words】Aircraft bumps；Physical field；Dynamic commonness；Characteristic model

0 引言

飞机在短时间内忽而上升、忽而下落，以及摇晃、摆头、局部抖动的现象称为飞机颠簸。强烈颠簸严重影响飞行活动，它使飞机操纵困难，乘员疲劳，严重时甚至会使飞机结构因承受过大的应力而损坏，造成失事[1]。飞机颠簸的产生在各个高度上的机理都不近相同。对于飞机颠簸的研究，我国工作者已经做了不少基础性研究。徐海等[2]对成都至拉萨航线严重颠簸进行分析，指出高原南侧副热带西风急流增强是造成此次颠簸主因；……