白纪红　李凡

【摘要】 外泌体是直径为30～100 nm，由各种类型细胞释放到生物学体液中的胞外囊泡。外泌体首要的生物学功能是在细胞间通讯，它内含细胞相关的蛋白质、脂质、RNA分子和循环DNA等重要分子，从供体细胞转移到受体细胞而发挥细胞间联络作用。在肝脏中，外泌体由肝细胞、非实质肝细胞和免疫细胞分泌，研究显示外泌体参与代谢性障碍引起的肝脏疾病、酒精性肝病、病毒性肝炎及肝细胞癌等的发病机制，是肝病诊断和预后判断的潜在新型分子生物标志物，也是肝病新的潜在治疗手段。本文对外泌体在肝脏疾病中的作用及其对肝脏疾病潜在的诊治价值等做一简要概括。

【关键词】 外泌体； 肝脏疾病； 生物标志物

A Review of Study on Exosomes in Liver Diseases/BAI Ji-hong，LI Fan.//Medical Innovation of China，2017，14（26）：145-148

【Abstract】 Exosomes are about 30-100 nm in diameter and released from a various types of cells into biological fluids.The primary biological function of the exosomes is the intercellular communication，which contain cell-related proteins，lipid，RNA molecules and circulating DNA and other important molecules，and plays a role in cell-mediated interaction from donor cells to the recipient cells.In the liver，exosomes are secreted by hepatocytes，non parenchymal hepatocytes and immune cells.Studies had shown that exosomes were involved in the pathogenesis of the liver disease caused by metabolic disorders，alcoholic liver disease，viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma and so on.They were the potential new biomolecules of the diagnosis and prognosis in liver disease，but also new potential treatment of liver disease.This article does a brief summary on the role of exosomes in liver disease and their potential value for the diagnosis and treatment in liver disease.

【Key words】 Exosomes； Liver disease； Biomarkers

First-authors address：The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University，Guilin 541001，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.26.038

肝脏疾病是一种严重危害人类健康、生命安全的常见病和多发性疾病，已成为我国面临的较为严重的公共卫生问题之一。代谢性障碍引起的肝脏疾病如非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD），现在被认为是一种严重和流行的疾病，有助于炎症和纤维化。目前，肝组织活检仍然是NASH诊断的黄金标准[1]。活检是一种高度侵入性的程序，并受到抽样误差的变异性。乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是感染肝脏并在肝细胞中复制的两种类型病毒[2]。而HBV、HCV感染，酒精滥用及非酒精性肝病是发达国家肝硬化的主要原因。肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌，大约80%的HCC病例与慢性HBV或HCV感染和肝硬化有关[3]。但目前，仍缺乏用于该肿瘤早期诊断的适当标记物。切除术、肝移植、介入放射治疗和不可切除HCC的化疗栓塞仍是HCC治疗的主要选择。……