李振武++陆烝++黄秀声++林忠宁++应朝阳++韩海东

摘要 本研究旨在从10种中草药中筛选出2～3种组成复方中草药型青贮添加剂，使得该青贮添加剂能够促进狼尾草自带的乳酸菌生长，进而达到改善狼尾草青贮发酵品质的目的。首先采用单因素试验研究了不同浓度的5种补益类中草药和5种清热解毒类中草药提取液对乳酸菌（从新鲜狼尾草叶片表面分离）生长的影响，以对乳酸菌生长的促进率为指标，筛选出黄芪、五味子和金银花组成复方中草药型青贮添加剂；再采用正交试验对该复方中草药型青贮添加剂各组分含量进行优化。结果表明，狼尾草中草药型青贮添加剂的最优配方为2.00%黄芪提取液、1.00%五味子提取液、1.00%金银花提取液。

关键词 狼尾草；中草药；青贮添加剂；优化

中图分类号 S816.5+3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）20-0221-003

Screening and Optimization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Additives for Chinese pennisetum silage

LI Zhen-wu 1 LU Zheng 1 HUANG Xiu-sheng 1，2 LIN Zhong-ning 1 YING Zhao-yang 1，2 HANG Hai-dong 1 *

（1 Agricultural Ecology Institute，Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Fuzhou Fujian 350013； 2 Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Circular Agriculture）

Abstract The purpose of this study was to screen out 2-3 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine composition from 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine to compose Chinese herbal medicine silage additives，which could promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Chinese Pennisetum，so as to improve the quality of Chinese Pennisetum silage.Firstly，single factor experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of 5 kinds of tonic Chinese herbal medicine and 5 kinds of heat clearing and detoxifying herbs extract on growth of lactic acid bacteria（isolated from fresh leaves of Chinese pennisetum）in vitro.The results showed that Astragali radix，Schisandrae chinensis fructus and Lonicerae japonicae Flos were the best components of the compound Chinese herbal medicine silage additive which promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria.Furthermore，the orthogonal tests were used to optimize the doses of the compound Chinese herbal medicine silage additive.The results showed that the optimum doses of the compound Chinese herbal medicine additive for Chinese pennisetum silage were of 2.00% Astragali radix extract，1.00% Schisandrae chinensis fructus extract and 1.00% Lonicerae japonicae Flos extract.

Key words Chinese pennisetum；Chinese herbal medicine；silage additives；optimization

狼尾草（Chinese pennisetum）為多年生禾本科牧草，具有产量高、耐刈割、适口性好等特点，是草食家畜的优质青饲料，在南方红壤地区得到了广泛的推广和应用[1]。狼尾草的盛产期集中在夏季，在夏季对狼尾草进行青贮有利于狼尾草季节性均衡供应和提高其利用效率。近年来科技工作者对狼尾草的青贮技术开展了大量的研究，主要集中在狼尾草低水分青贮、混合青贮和添加剂青贮等方面[2-4]。目前，狼尾草青贮应用较多的青贮添加剂为乳酸菌制剂，市场上乳酸菌制剂是通用型的青贮添加剂，所用乳酸菌主要分离自外界环境，这些菌株由于生活环境与狼尾草生长环境相差甚远，致使乳酸菌在狼尾草青贮料中的适应力不强、生长性能差，导致青贮效果不理想。……