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《梅骨芳华》:再现梅兰芳灿烂一生

2017-11-06叶艳莉

文化交流 2017年11期
关键词:集邮明信片梅兰芳

叶艳莉

近日,友人赠我《梅骨芳华——梅兰芳极限片集》(以下简称《梅骨芳华》)一书,适逢梅先生逝世56周年之际。

1961年8月8日凌晨4时45分,中国著名京剧表演艺术大师梅兰芳因病在北京逝世,享年67岁。眼前的这本书,用特殊的艺术形式,记录了梅兰芳先生梅骨芳华的一生,它如炎炎夏日里的一泓清泉,让人心舒神畅。

这本书由浙江省集邮协会常务理事、台州市集邮协会副会长谷粮先生编著,台州学院王欣先生作文字撰写及相关史料的考证,2016年3月由浙江人民美术出版社出版。

《梅骨芳华》封面。青年时期的梅兰芳,这是193【1年美国发行的明信片。

集邮和传记有机结合

《梅骨芳华》将集邮文化和传记文学有机结合,在中国出版史上尚属首次。梅兰芳先生之子、著名京剧表演艺术家梅葆玖先生特为此书撰写了序言。在序言中,梅葆玖动情地追忆:“自1962年8月8日我国发行纪念京剧艺术大师梅兰芳逝世一周年的邮票以来,小小的邮票就成了纪念梅兰芳先生的一种别具一格的形式。方寸之间,父亲风采依旧,足以承载久远”,并对此书作出了高度评价:“这本《梅骨芳华——梅兰芳极限片集》的出版,是这些年来发行的梅兰芳纪念邮票与明信片的一次综合展现。这本书将精美邮票、珍贵明信片和纪念邮戳三者合而为一,以珍贵的梅兰芳专题极限片,较为全面地展现了父亲的人生轨迹、舞台生涯、经典剧目、梅派风韵和国际影响,呈现出他光辉灿烂的一生,再现了艺术大师的风采,是一部将集邮艺术与京剧大师辉煌人生融为一体的作品。”序言写于2016年3月19日,不过月余,至4月25日,梅葆玖先生就与世长辞了,序言就成了先生生前最后一篇公开发表的文章。

本书编著者谷粮,本名张国良,笔名谷粮为本名的谐音。张国良先生从小喜爱集邮,对极限集邮更是情有独钟,对戏剧大师梅兰芳的艺术风采亦是倾慕不已。他用近40年时间,在国内外搜集以梅兰芳为主题的邮品。他编组的邮集《梅兰芳》荣获2009年全国邮展金奖(重庆展区)。

张国良先生为本书的极限明信片付出了极大的心血,诚如中华全国集邮联合会副会长刘佳维先生所言:“本书中的明信片最早有民国时期的,最迟也是上世纪60年代的,而且还有早期日本等国外发行的明信片;所贴邮票最多的是1962年我国发行的‘纪94梅兰芳舞台艺术邮票,其中还选贴小型张《贵妃醉酒》6枚,《霸王别姬》(带厂铭)、《天女散花》等多枚无齿票和部分外国邮票;而所盖邮戳多选用梅兰芳出生地北京、祖籍江苏泰州的邮政日戳,还有部分外国邮戳。这种收集、整理、研究是有深度和难度的,由此可见作者的良苦用心。”书中有些极限片所呈现的梅兰芳形象十分罕见,甚至梅兰芳纪念馆都没有。

全面呈现梅先生之美

《梅骨芳华》共四个章节,分别为:梅风弹弦、华之瑰宝、兰韵击节、芳音缭绕。

梅风弹弦主要呈现梅兰芳的人生轨迹,对梅兰芳的家世背景、从艺经历、艺术成就、亲朋好友、家庭成员、得意门生等都一一做了勾勒。梅兰芳与友人之間的艺术佳话,尤其让人印象深刻。“民初梅畹华方露头角,实力捧场集团,有梅党之称,若冯幼伟、李释戡、黄秋岳、齐如山诸先生,皆为主力分子,聊公张先生亦其中健将也,或谓梅之成功,实梅党同仁之功,当无疑问。”“冯幼伟是扶植梅兰芳艺术的核心人物,而齐如山、李释戡则从编剧到艺术创作都发挥了重要作用。”他们与梅兰芳相知相惜相扶,帮助梅兰芳成长为一代宗师,让人感怀。

华之瑰宝主要介绍了20出梅兰芳代表性的表演剧目。“今天能够统计的梅兰芳公开演出剧目有一百六七十出,其中既有传统正工青衣戏、昆曲,也有古装新戏、时装新戏、反串戏等”,其中“最具有代表性的几部戏,以《宇宙锋》《贵妃醉酒》《霸王别姬》《生死恨》《游园惊梦》为核心,观众习惯称之为‘梅八出,但并不一定正好八出,这一类代表剧目还包括《凤还巢》《抗金兵》《奇双会》《洛神》《天女散花》《穆桂英挂帅》等。”本书对这些代表作品进行了栩栩如生的描述。

兰韵击节则表现梅兰芳的精湛技艺及丰富革新,无论长绸舞、剑舞、扇舞等的舞蹈创设,还是唱功、念白、身段、位置、神情等的变化革新,亦或音乐演奏及曲调的衍展丰富等,无不娓娓道来,让人如入山阴道上,美不胜收。

    从左到右:梅兰芳(左)与李释戡合影;梅兰芳(右)与齐如山合影。

芳音缭绕则从梅兰芳的国际影响及戏曲电影的拍摄等入手,展示其在推广京剧艺术上的杰出贡献。梅兰芳通过到日本、美国、前苏联的访问演出,逐渐把京剧艺术推向世界舞台。他与卓别林、泰戈尔、斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基等国际大师的交往与友谊,亦成为文化交流史上的一段段佳话。早在1920年,他就从拍摄无声片《天女散花》和《春香闹学》开始接触电影。1948年,他又主演了中国第一部彩色有声影片《生死恨》。此后,他又在戏曲电影上不断实践,留下了一部部佳作。梅兰芳一直重视利用电影传播戏曲艺术,他跨艺术种类的探索、借鉴、融合以及梅派艺术随时代前进的革新精神,令人钦佩。

梅兰芳先生是“美的创造者”,被誉为“美的化身”。《梅骨芳华——梅兰芳极限片集》一书也力求精美,以最大限度地呈现梅先生之美。此书为全彩色铜版纸印刷,20开本,近200页,排版精良,并赠被誉为“千古绝照”的梅兰芳《生死恨》剧照明信片一枚,出版的成本非常高。但编著者张国良不惜财力,他说,这本书于他不是作品也不是商品,而是一份礼物,一份资深“梅派粉丝”、集邮爱好者献给梅派艺术两代大师的礼物。endprint

從左到右:1917年《天女散花》剧照;1929年日本发行的《黛玉葬花》明信片;1929年日本发行的《穆柯寨》明信片。

美哉,梅骨芳华!美哉,《梅骨芳华》!愿美永远为人珍惜追求,愿美永驻人间!

A Philatelic Biography of Mei Lanfang

By Ye Yanli

A new book dedicated to Mei Lanfang (1894-1961), one of the most famous Peking opera artists in modern Chinese theater, was released by Zhejiang Peoples Fine Arts Publishing House in March of 2016. The Peking opera master died in Beijing in 1961, at the age of only 67.

The book is the first one in the publishing history of China to combine philately with biography. The prologue was contributed by Mei Baojiu, the son of Mei Lanfang. He passed away only a month after writing the preface.

Zhang Guoliang, the compiler of the book, is an avid philatelist and a huge fan of Man Lanfang. He is also a member of Zhejiang Philately Association and Vice Chair of Taizhou Philately Society. HisMei Lanfang-themed stamp and postcard collection took about four decades unfailing endeavor, and won a Gold Award from the 2009 China Philatelic Exhibition held in Chongqing. The postcards include out-of-print creations from the Republican Period of China and Japan. The stamps include a set issued in 1962 in commemoration of the virtuoso Peking Opera artistry of Mei Lanfang, and a rare collection of imperforated pieces and stamps issued in other countries to pay tribute to the great ‘cultural ambassador.

Many items in the collection presented in the book are not included by the Mei Lanfang Memorial Museum in Beijing.

The 200-page book is composed of four chapters that cover the artists personal life, his representative repertoire and unrivalled artistry and innovation, and great accomplishments in spreading Beijing Opera to foreign countries. The book devotes many pages in the first chapter to Meis lifelong friendship with all the key figures - such as Feng Youwei, Huang Qiuyue and Qirushan - the performing master worked closely with throughout his life.

For Mr. Zhang Guoliang, the book is a long-cherished wish coming to life, and a special gift he crafted on behalf of all the hard-core fans of Mei Lanfang.

Mei Lanfang was exclusively known for his female lead roles (dan) and particularly his “verdant-robed girls” (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement. He was considered one of the “Four Great Dans”, along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.endprint

Mei was the first artist to spread Beijing Opera to foreign countries, participating in cultural exchanges with Japan, the United States, the Soviet Union and other regions. He toured the world, forming friendships with the western contemporaries of his day, including Charlie Chaplin, Rabindranath

Tagore, and Konstantin Stanislavski. In 1930 he toured North America, visiting Hollywood, where he was welcomed by Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford.

In 1935, Mei Lanfang toured Europe, playing to appreciative audiences in Berlin and Moscow. Seeing Mei perform especially impressed the German playwright Bertold Brecht and influenced his concept of the alienation effect.

Mei Lanfang also contributed his artistry to Chinas cinematic art, actively taking part in the production of several silent films in as early as 1920 and playing the leading role in the countrys first color film in 1948. He was also a great innovator in spreading the art of Peking Opera on the big screen. Throughout his life, he never fell behind the times.

In his 50-year stage career, he maintained strong continuity while always working on new techniques. The artists determination in breaking the norms constitutes a significant part in his charisma both as a performing art master and as a person.endprint

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