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国博《百年巨匠》展:还原文学艺术大师本色

2017-11-06孙国维

文化交流 2017年11期
关键词:巨匠张大千大师

孙国维

国庆前夕,中国国家博物馆举办盛大展览,向观众推出上世纪43位我国杰出的文学艺术巨匠。二楼4号展厅前面,陈列着巨幅齐白石《松鹤旭日图》和张大千《华山云海图》以及鲁迅的《自题小像》手稿,还有关山月的梅花图《俏也不争春》。参观者摩肩接踵,络绎不绝,徜徉在大师们遗留下的文化艺术精品之前,共享这百年难遇的文艺大餐。

在这之前,北京举行了《百年巨匠》研讨会,文艺界的领军人物悉数到会。大家一致认为要通过《百年巨匠》百集大型系列人物传记纪录片的拍摄、宣传、巡展来激励后人,砥砺奋进。

觅大师足迹 为巨匠立传

这次国博展示的43位文学艺术大师的作品是百集大型系列人物传记纪录片《百年巨匠》的阶段性成果汇报。其背后凝聚了摄制团队多少辛酸和心血。他们奔波于全国和世界各地,采访了大师们的亲朋好友及相关人物,有的则完全依靠民间力量的推动和投入。这些巨匠大都谢世,有的线索还不在国内,寻找起来十分困难。

《百年巨匠》展廳

总策划和总制片人杨京岛说:“我和《百年巨匠》的7位总导演都是上世纪60年代出生的人。我们这代人从困难时期过来,一路打拼,到现在各方面条件都改善了,就想为社会做点有意义的事情。”为了提高文化艺术素养,他足足花了20年的光阴,通过各种锻炼和学养,与书画巨匠结缘,来积累和沉淀。他以自己的真诚和努力赢得了关山月、吴作人、吴冠中、黄胄、赵朴初、启功等大师的友谊。为筹措资金,他下海经商,办起了广告公司。他帮助国内知名书画家举办了几十场笔会和画展,并为他们出版了上百种画册和图书。进而积累了可贵的人脉资源和商业渠道。他还不远万里只身前往美国旧金山,寻探张大千的儿子张保罗,从这位老者嘴里掏出了珍贵的“活档案”。张大千虽然子女众多,但常在身边的只有张保罗,张保罗在日常的随侍中耳濡目染,对父亲的创作生活和艺术作品十分熟悉。杨京岛以三顾茅庐的真诚和苦口婆心,终于打动了隐居在美国加州卡梅尔小镇别墅“可以居”的主人。可谓一番苦心。“可以居”就是当年张大千与摄影家郎静山一起选定的“世外桃源”,产生过不少大师的浪漫传奇。杨京岛在台北采访孙传芳的儿子孙家勤。孙家勤是张大千的学生,曾跟老师在巴西共同生活了几年。片子尚未出来,孙家勤就心梗去世了。另一位大千弟子晏济元也是在采访过程中不幸去世。类似这样的情况还有不少,例如梅葆玖、苏民、邹佩珠和廖静文等。

百年文化巨匠 写下瑰丽篇章

要实现中华民族的伟大复兴,必须有伟大的文艺复兴作为支撑,而文艺复兴大军又必须要有一大批文艺的领军人物来引领。在“长夜难明赤县天”的黑暗岁月里,除了像孙中山和毛泽东那样一大批革命志士抛头颅洒热血,前仆后继,英勇奋斗,开创建国大业之外,另有一批文艺巨匠为中华民族的文艺复兴贡献了智慧和力量。《百年巨匠》聚焦20世纪中国文艺领域画坛巨匠、艺苑大师、文坛泰斗和乐坛精英,他们用自己的精彩人生和非凡创造为中国近现代文化艺术史书写了不朽的瑰丽篇章。他们中的许多人都有着胸怀天下的大志向、大抱负,有着报效祖国的情怀和强烈的民族责任感,自觉地将个人的荣辱兴衰与民族命运联系起来,用文化艺术升华生活、改造世界、呈现美好、实现理想。为还原巨匠本色,重塑大师形象,《百年巨匠》百集鸿制巨片以纪录片的形式,分作《美术篇》、《京剧篇》、《书法篇》、《话剧篇》、《文学篇》和《音乐篇》6个部分。

20世纪初,中国传统艺术受到西方文化前所未有的冲击,同时它自身也面临着巨大的危机。于是,大批致力于用艺术救国、救亡、改良社会前途的美术先驱便应运而生。其中有继承中华民族优秀文化传统、承前启后的国画大师,如齐白石、黄宾虹和张大千等。有深受西方绘画观念影响、用西方绘画艺术改良中国画的,如徐悲鸿、林风眠和刘海粟。也有为新中国美术事业作出了巨大贡献的代表人物,如吴作人、傅抱石、李苦禅、潘天寿和关山月等。当然,像石鲁、蒋兆和、黄胄和吴冠中这些大家,在中国画坛也是不可忘怀的。

百年巨匠群像。

京剧艺术是中国的国粹,自徽班进京以来,京剧不仅在北京有了不可取代的地位,并在全国各地都广为流传。在芸芸众生之中,以梅兰芳为首的四大名旦——梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云和荀慧生在戏剧百花园中可谓独领风骚、艺压群芳。

《书法篇》则追忆了于右任、沈尹默、林敬之、沙孟海、赵朴初和启功6位书法大家。

《话剧篇》拍摄了欧阳予倩、田汉、焦菊隐和金山四大名家。

《文学篇》里收录了鲁迅、郭沫若、茅盾、巴金、老舍和曹禺。凡是读过书的人就会在小学课本中读过“鲁郭茅巴老曹”的作品,他们的音容笑貌耳熟能详。

《音乐篇》里摄录的是刘天华、聂耳、黄自、冼星海、萧友梅和贺绿汀。20世纪中国经历了辛亥革命、抗日战争、新中国成立等重要历史阶段,可谓是天翻地覆慨而慷的时代,也正是这些伟大音乐天才大有作为的时代。他们的音乐作品催人觉醒、催人奋起,鼓舞千千万万的民众冒着敌人的炮火前进。

《百年巨匠》这项浩繁的世纪工程,前后策划20年,花8年时间拍摄,终于在国庆前夕大功告成。在《百年巨匠》里显现的这些巨匠是中华民族文化血脉的传承人。今天我们传播巨匠,就是为了讲述百年艺术中国,让优秀传统文化大放光彩。今天我们重塑百年巨匠,就是要向巨匠致敬,宣传巨匠精神,把他们的传统精神继承下去,发扬光大。

致力对外传播 讲好中国故事

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前不久,《百年巨匠》国际宣传片启动仪式在北京钓鱼台国宾馆举行。全国政协外事委员会副主任、国家艺术基金理事会理事长、《百年巨匠》总顾问蔡武;全国政协教科文卫体委员会副主任、中国文学艺术基金会理事长、《百年巨匠》总顾问胡振民和《百年巨匠》出品人、总策划杨京岛,向张艺谋颁发了《百年巨匠》国际宣传片总导演的聘书。与此同时,还向诺贝尔文学奖得主莫言颁发了总撰稿的聘书。《百年巨匠》是中宣部和国务院新闻办组织的“记录中国”传播工程项目。国际版将以英语、西班牙语、阿拉伯语、俄语和法语等8种语言出版发行。

百年的历史孕育了灿若星辰的文艺巨匠,时代的风帆引领着民族复兴的伟大梦想。《百年巨匠》是一次史无前例的文献记录,更是一部大气磅礴的文艺史诗。它以文化为媒介,通过亲民易懂的语言、传世珍贵的音影资料,由健在老艺术家们的倾情讲述、向全世界介绍中国20世纪文化艺术成就。

中国国家博物馆馆长吕章申为《书法篇》讲述。

《百年巨匠》国际版将努力把握好中国与世界的文化交汇点;把握好国际舆论的聚焦点;把握好中国人民与世界人民的情感共鸣点,向人类命运共同体的兄弟人民讲好中国故事。让中国文化走向世界,让世界人民了解在新的一百年里,中国人民在文化藝术领域将会有更大的攀登和超越。

Exhibition and Documentary Series Sing of Grand Masters

By Sun Guowei, our special reporter in Beijing

Before the National Day, China National Museum launched an exhibition featuring the 43 grand masters of the 20th-century China in the fields of art, music, literature, calligraphy, Peking Opera, and modern drama. The opening ceremony attracted a large crowd of visitors.

These masters emerged when China tried heroically to fight for its survival and renaissance in the entire 20th century. In the early 20th century, the feudal Qing Dynasty crashed out and the country began to modernize in face of wars and tumult. Meanwhile, western ideas flooded in, shaking the cultural and ideological foundation of the ancient middle kingdom. These masters absorbed the influence from the outside world and carried on the tradition. Their works have helped shape the modernization drive still going on today.

The exhibition is a brief representation of a 100-episode television documentary titled “Century Masters”.

Yang Jingdao, producer of the documentary, said it had taken him twenty years to prepare mentally and artistically for the series of grand masters. Over years, he made friends with artists, and started an advertising firm to accumulate funds for the documentary project. He has helped painters and calligraphers set up solo exhibitions and workshops, and has helped published over 100 collections of artworks and books. All these activities helped him make a large network of people and business channels. To make this film, Yang visited masters and their relatives, descendents and students of masters if masters had passed away. Some masters and relatives died while the documentary was still in the making.

Artists account the biggest share of the documentary series. Some artists were quite active in the first half of the 20th century, such as Qi Baishi, Huang Binhong, Zhang Daqian. They contributed a great deal to carrying on the tradition of Chinese painting. On the other hand, Xu Beihong, Lin Fengmian and Liu Haisu introduced western elements into the traditional Chinese painting and helped broaden the horizon and blaze new trails for young artists. Wu Zuoren, Fu Baoshi, Li Kuchan, Pan Tianshou, Guan Shanyue, Shi Lu, Jiang Zhaohe, Huang Zou, and Wu Guanzhong were quite active in the second half of the 20th century. They made outstanding contribution to the development of art.endprint

Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Xun Huisheng, four masters of Peking Opera, are featured in the documentary and at the exhibition. The fact that Peking Opera is singled out for honorable mentioning in the documentary and the exhibition bespeaks the unique role the opera has played in Chinas opera scene.

Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Lao She and Cao Yu, six literary giants of the first half of the 20th century, are featured in the documentary and at the exhibition, although many new writers of national and international renown emerged in the last few decades of the 20th-century China.

In the field of music, six composers and musicians are featured. They represent the best songs China sang during the war years of the country. They are Liu Tianhua, Nie Er, Huang Zi, Xian Xinghai, Xiao Youmei, and He Lyuding. The 20th-century China witnessed huge historical events such as 1911 Revolution, the resistance war against Japanese aggression, and the founding of the Peoples Republic. The music they created roused the people to fight for the future of the ancient country and many of their creations are the classics of the nations music repertoire.

It took eight years to make the documentary series and it was finished just before the National Day this year.

An international promotional film will be made for the documentary. Zhang Yimou, probably the best known Chinese director, is appointed director of the film and Nobel-Prize novelist Mo Yan is appointed as chief script writer. The promotion film will be dubbed in eight foreign languages and distributed across the world.endprint

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