屠宰季节对不同品种生猪宰前应激及宰后肉品质的影响
2017-10-20吴小伟李侠张春晖王航景晓亮
吴小伟++李侠++张春晖++王航++景晓亮



摘 要:通過分析血液应激指标、胴体pH值和温度、胴体表面损伤、预冷损耗、色泽、滴水损失、蒸煮损失、剪切力、质构特性及PSE肉(pale,soft and exudative meat)发生率等指标,探究春、夏、秋、冬4 个季节宰杀对杜长大三元杂交猪和三门峡黑猪宰前应激及宰后猪肉品质的影响。结果表明:与夏、冬2 季相比,春、秋季宰杀三门峡黑猪和杜长大三元杂交猪血液中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、皮质醇(cortisol,COR)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、肌酐(creatinine,CRE)和促肾上腺素皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)含量均较低;春季宰杀杜长大三元杂交猪和三门峡黑猪血液中的葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)和乳酸(lactic acid,LAC)含量显著低于其他3 个季节(P<0.05);春季生猪宰前应激效应较低,胴体表面损伤与预冷损耗显著降低(P<0.05);春、秋季宰杀冷却猪肉的色泽、保水性及嫩度较好。在同一季节,三门峡黑猪的抗应激能力优于杜长大三元杂交猪,且宰后猪肉的pH24 h(宰后24 h的pH值)、红度值(a*)和咀嚼性相对较高,亮度值(L*)、滴水损失、蒸煮损失及剪切力相对较低,PSE肉的发生率较低,说明黑猪肉的品质更好。
关键词:屠宰季节;生猪品种;宰前应激;猪肉品质
Effect of Slaughter Season on the Preslaughter Stress and Pork Quality of Different Pig Breeds
WU Xiaowei1, LI Xia1, ZHANG Chunhui1,*, WANG Hang1, JING Xiaoliang2
(1.Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Products Processing
Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
2.Chuying Agro-Pastoral Group Co. Ltd., Xinzheng 451100, China)
Abstract: In this study, the effects of different environmental temperatures on the preslaughter stress and meat quality of different pig breeds were studied. For this purpose, Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire crossbred pigs and the local breed Sanmenxia black pigs were slaughtered in the four seasons of the year and blood stress indices, carcass skin injury score, pre-cooling loss, postmortem meat quality (pH value, temperature, color, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, and texture) and the incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat and other indicators were determined. The results showed that for the two breeds, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), cortisol (COR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (CRE) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in pigs slaughtered in spring and autumn decreased significantly compared with those slaughtered in summer and winter (P < 0.05). A significant reduction in serum glucose (GLU) and lactic acid (LAC) levels was observed comparing pigs slaughtered in spring and the other seasons, regardless of breed (P < 0.05). Moreover, preslaughter stress level was lower in spring and carcass skin injury score and pre-cooling loss was significantly lower than in any other season (P < 0.05). The color, water holding capacity and tenderness of chilled pork from pigs slaughtered in spring and autumn were better. In the same season, the resistance of Sanmenxia black pigs to preslaughter stress was greater than that of Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire crossbred pigs; Sanmenxia black pigs showed a decrease in pork pH at 24 h post-mortem (pH24 h), redness value (a*), chewiness, brightness value (L*), drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, and PSE incidence and had better meat quality.endprint
Key words: slaughter season; pig breed; preslaughter stress; pork quality
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201709009
中图分类号:TS251.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2017)09-0051-07
引文格式:
吴小伟, 李侠, 张春晖, 等. 屠宰季节对不同品种生猪宰前应激及宰后肉品质的影响[J]. 肉类研究, 2017, 31(9): 51-57. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201709009. http://www.rlyj.pub
WU Xiaowei, LI Xia, ZHANG Chunhui, et al. Effect of slaughter season on the preslaughter stress and pork quality of different pig breeds[J]. Meat Research, 2017, 31(9): 51-57. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201709009. http://www.rlyj.pub
生猪宰前应激效应受生猪品种与外界因素的共同作用,能够影响宰后冷却猪肉的品质[1-2],然而宰前过度应激反应不仅会对生猪自身机体造成损害,同时也使宰后冷却猪肉的品质下降,导致劣质肉发生率升高[3],因此探究不同季节环境温度对不同品种生猪宰前应激及宰后肉品质的影响及机理具有重要的经济意义。生猪宰前应激效应是生猪品种、饲养环境、运输方式及屠宰工艺等多种因素相互作用的结果[4-7]。生猪在高温、寒冷、捆扎、运输、转群、争斗、饥饿等条件下均会出现应激效应,导致其全身肌肉僵直性收缩,体内不断进行需氧代谢和糖酵解反应,消耗猪体内大量的糖和腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate,ATP),产生大量热量和二氧化碳,进而导致生猪体温应激性升高;……
