苹果渣浸提液乳酸发酵剂的研究
2017-10-17闫晓哲蒲鹏飞杜娇娇彭任芳
杨 辉, 闫晓哲, 蒲鹏飞, 苏 文, 杜娇娇, 彭任芳
(陕西科技大学 食品与生物工程学院, 陕西 西安 710021)
苹果渣浸提液乳酸发酵剂的研究
杨 辉, 闫晓哲, 蒲鹏飞, 苏 文, 杜娇娇, 彭任芳
(陕西科技大学 食品与生物工程学院, 陕西 西安 710021)
苹果渣综合利用是苹果产业发展的技术瓶颈之一,为了探索苹果渣高值利用的新途径,本文以水为溶剂制取苹果渣浸提液,接种不同组成及比例的混合乳酸菌,通过考察混合乳酸菌发酵液中乳酸菌量、产酸耗糖量等指标变化,确立理想的乳酸发酵剂组成.研究结果表明嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、嗜热链球菌,按2∶1∶2∶3∶4比例配比,接种量4 mL/100 mL,初始pH=6.3时发酵36 h,发酵液中活菌数达到12.35×108CFU/mL,产酸量达到14.45 g/L,耗糖量29.37 g/L,为苹果渣乳酸发酵的高值利用及苹果渣乳酸发酵粉的制备提供试验基础.
菌种; 菌种比例; 乳酸菌; 果渣浸提液
Abstract:Pomace utilization is one of the technical bottlenecks in development of apple industry.In order to explore the new way of high utilization of apple pomace,in this paper the pomace was used to prepare extract liquid using water as the solvent,then the extract was inoculated with different compositions and proportions of mixed lactic acid bacteria.The ideal component of the lactic acid starter and its optimal fermentation conditions were determined by selecting the lactic acid bacteria,measuring the total bacteria count in fermented broth,detecting the consumption of sugar.The results showed thatLactobacillusacidophilus,Lactobacillusrhamnosus,Lactobacillusplantarum,BifidobacteriumthermophilusandStreptococcusthermophiluswere mixed in the proportion of 2∶1∶2∶3∶4,inoculation amount 4 mL/100 mL,fermented for 36 h,at a natural pH 6.3,the number of viable cells in the fermented mash reached 12.35×108CFU/mL and the acid yield reached 14.45 g/L.The sugar consumption was 29.37 g/L.The obtained results can provide technology support to utilize pomace efficiently and prepare lactic acid bacteria powder for pomace fermentation.
Keywords:culture; bacterial proportion; lactic acid bacteria; pomace extract
0 引言
苹果是我国盛产水果之一,栽种面积大,产量高,20%用于深加工,且加工量的90%用于苹果浓缩汁的生产,副产物果渣产量每年达24~26万t[1],其中70%果渣被废弃.苹果渣中含有可溶性糖、粗纤维、果胶、酚酸等物质[2],其中可溶性糖、粗纤维、果胶的含量分别占干重的9.5%~22.6%、10.5%、1.5%~4%[3],其含有的生物活性物质具有抗氧化性、降低胆固醇和减肥的作用,具有很大的开发价值.
乳酸菌(Lactic acid bacteria)是指发酵碳水化合物产生50%以上乳酸的一类细菌总称[4],其中双歧杆菌是人类肠道中有益菌群的代表之一[5],它们可以在人体肠道中生长繁殖,并通过抑制病原体生长……
