牛 端，张杰锋，方瑞芬

学习策略与人际交往能力对大学新生学校适应的影响

牛 端1，张杰锋2，方瑞芬2

（1.中山大学心理学系，广东广州510275；2.中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院，广东广州510275）

采用新生学校适应问卷、学习策略问卷、人际交往能力问卷对3749名大学新生进行了问卷调查，研究学习策略与人际交往能力对新生学校适应的影响。结果发现：学习策略和人际交往能力均能显著正向预测新生的学校适应，二者共可解释学校适应变异的63%，其中人际交往能力对学校适应的影响大于学习策略的影响；主动交往对新生学校适应的四个维度均有显著正向影响，它是影响人际适应、心理适应和生活适应的首要因素，影响学习适应的首要因素是听课策略；新生学校适应的总体水平尚可，其中学习适应得分最低；新生学习策略的总体水平较低，其中以时间管理策略得分最低；人际交往能力的总体水平不高，特别是在表达不悦能力上得分最低。

大学新生；学校适应；学习策略；人际交往能力

Abstract:Using School Adaptation Questionnaire for Freshmen (SAQF),this study investigates 3749 freshmen to examine the effects of learning strategies and interpersonal competence on freshmen's school adaptation.The results show that both learning strategies and interpersonal competence can positively and significantly predict freshmen's school adaptation.Totally they can account for 63% variance of school adaptation.Compared with learning strategies,interpersonal competence has stronger influence on freshmen's school adaptation.The competence of initiating relationships has significantly positive effect on the four dimensions of freshmen's school adaptation,which is also the primary factor affecting the adaptation to interpersonal relationship,psychological state,and campus life;as for adaptation to academic learning,the strategy of attending lectures is the primary factor.The level of freshmen's school adaptation is passable as a whole,and among its four dimensions the score of adaptation to academic learning is the lowest.The level of freshmen's learning strategy is relatively low as a whole,and among its three dimensions the score of time management strategy is the lowest.The level of freshmen's interpersonal competence is relatively low as a whole,and among its four dimensions the score of strategy of asserting displeasure with others'actions is the lowest.

Key words:Freshmen；College Adaptation；Learning Strategy；Interpersonal Competence

一、引言

学校适应不仅能有效预测学生的学业成绩、在校生保留率[1]、学生身心健康状况和生活质量[2]，而且影响学生毕业后在工作中的人际关系和工作成就[3]，因此受到研究者的广泛关注。尽管对学校适应的概念缺乏统一的定义，但学界通常从过程和结果（或状态）以及二者的互动来对其进行界定。例如，“学校适应是指学生能够感觉良好地履行和完成学校环……