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从丝织品看藏汉文化交流

2017-10-15加洋措

丝绸 2017年12期

加洋措

摘要: 中国丝绸织造技术有七千多年历史,而丝绸输入雪域高原也有千百年的历史,因此保护、研究、传承和发展丝绸输入西藏的历史具有重要价值。文章通过丝绸讲述历代中央政府与西藏在政治、经济、文化等方面的交流交融。产自江南的丝织品在雪域高原和藏族人民生产生活当中扮演着重要角色,起着非常重要的作用,在西藏,人们除了用丝绸缝制衣服外,还将丝绸用于民居装饰、婚丧嫁娶、迎来送往、乔迁之喜、宗教活动等。保护和研究西藏丝织品文物,就是保护我们的历史,传承和保留中国优秀传统工艺,继承和发扬藏汉民族之间的鱼水关系。

关键词: 明清丝绸;宫廷赏赐;经济贸易;文化交流;丝绸纹样;西藏

中图分类号: TS941.12;K876.9

文献标志码: B

文章编号: 1001-7003(2017)12-0087-08

Abstract: Chinese silk weaving technology has the history of seven thousand years, and there is also a history of one thousand years for the silk into the snow covered plateau. Hence, the protection, research, inheritance and development of the history of silk into Tibet have important value. This paper narrates the exchange between central governments in all ages and Tibet in terms of politics, economy and culture. The silk textiles produced in Jiangnan play an important role in the production and life of people in the snow covered plateau and the Tibet. In addition to sewing clothes with silk in Tibet, silk is also used for residential decoration, weddings and funerals, house removal greeting and religious activities, etc. To protect and study Tibetan silk cultural relics is to protect our history, inherit and retain Chinese excellent traditional craft as well as carry forward the relation between the Tibetan nationality and Han nationality.

Key words: silk in Ming and Qing dynasties; awarded by the court; economy and trade; cultural exchange; silk pattern; Tibet

丝绸是中国优秀和重要的纺织物质载体,是中国最伟大的发明之一,更是中国对人类社会的一大贡献。丝绸作为人们日常消费的重要物品,人们对它的需求仅次于茶叶、食盐等生活必需品,因此,丝绸在中国各民族交往、交流、融合中发挥着至关重要和不可替代的作用。“金玉绮绣、问遣往来”是唐代跨越青藏高原丝绸之路的真实写照,自唐代起,在内地和雪域高原之间就存在一条连通汉藏民族感情,增进汉藏文化交流的丝绸通道。宋元时期,据《萨迦世系史》载:1270年忽必烈封八思巴为帝师,赐“白银一千大锭、绸缎五万九千匹”,还有平时的赏赐“黄金一百多锭、白银一千锭、绸缎四万多匹”,以及其他赐物如珍珠镶嵌的袈裟、法衣、僧帽、靴子、坐垫等”[1],丝绸已经源源不断地输入藏区。……

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