扬州刺绣中各类型套针比较
2017-10-15严加平李卉卫芳刘安兰
严加平 李卉 卫芳 刘安兰
摘要: 扬州刺绣作为刺绣针法技艺的物质载体,同时也是研究刺绣针法技艺的重要实物佐证。在对扬州刺绣研究所、扬州工艺美术馆及扬州刺绣大师工作室收藏、展示、售卖的刺绣实物进行观测、统计与分析的基础上,重点研究了其中各类别的套针。同时结合相关理论知识,对套针中的单套针、双套针、散套针和写意散套针进行比较研究,探求它们在运针方式中的区别与联系,并进一步比较了四种套针针法的表现效果。该研究对于保护和传承扬州刺绣非物质文化遗产具有一定的现实意义,也对现代服饰品等设计中的刺绣装饰手法具有一定参考价值。
关键词: 刺绣;套针;运针;针法;扬州
中图分类号: TS941.11;J523.6
文献标志码: A
文章编号: 1001-7003(2017)12-0067-06
Abstract: Yangzhou embroidery, as the material carrier of embroidery stitch skills, is also an important material object corroboration to study embroidery stitch skills. Based on observation and statistical analysis of Yangzhou Embroidery Research Institute, Yangzhou Arts and Crafts Gallery and the embroidery objects collected, displayed and sold in Yangzhou masters studio, this paper deals chiefly with different kinds of inlaying stitches in the embroidery works. At the same time, combined with relevant theoretical knowledge, this paper compares different kinds of inlaying stitches to find their differences and relations in the way of operation, further analyzes and compares of the performance results of four kinds of stitches (single inlaying stitch, double inlaying stitch, dispersed inlaying stitch and freehand dispersed inlaying stitch). The research has certain realistic meaning for protecting and inheriting Yangzhou embroidery non-material cultural heritage. It also has certain reference value to the embroidery adornment gimmick in modern clothing design.
Key words: embroidery; inlaying stitch; needle manipulation; needling skill; Yangzhou
在中國封建传统的社会制度下,社会分工讲求男耕女织,所以学习和掌握女红技艺成为女子的必要功课,普通家庭女子以“善织巧绣”为业,而富家女子以“闺房绣楼”为贞[1]。套针便是在此社会背景下出现于唐代,因其针线皮皮套叠,故被命名为套针。其针线在套接时有晕色过渡的特点,适合表现物象自然灵动的色彩渐变和机理结构,有着协调统一的作用。
扬州刺绣于唐代时期开始绣制佛教绘画艺术,后逐渐开辟画绣艺术领域,绣品物象通过晕色过渡等表现手段追求象形、神似,所以自套针出现以来,一直是扬州刺绣中必不可少的主要针法之一。通过调查研究扬州刺绣研究所、扬州工艺美术馆和扬州刺绣大师工作室所收藏和展示的扬州刺绣精品,发现扬州刺绣针法系列里的套针针法在历史时光的更迭中,经历了单套针、双套针、散套针、写意散套针四个类型的发展演变。……
