张文娇，张雪，李鹏飞，许晓鼎，王丽花，管雪强*

（1. 滨州医学院葡萄酒学院，山东烟台 264003；2. 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所/山东省农产品精深加工技术重点实验室/农业部新食品资源加工重点实验室，济南 250100）

需冷量和积温对霞多丽葡萄芽眼萌发的影响

张文娇1，张雪1，李鹏飞1，许晓鼎1，王丽花1，管雪强2*

（1. 滨州医学院葡萄酒学院，山东烟台 264003；2. 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所/山东省农产品精深加工技术重点实验室/农业部新食品资源加工重点实验室，济南 250100）

以充分成熟的霞多丽葡萄一年生枝为试材，在1 ℃、5 ℃和9 ℃下分别处理250 h和500 h后转移至20℃和14 ℃培养箱中进行升温处理，以未经低温处理而直接放置在20 ℃下的枝条为对照，记录葡萄芽眼萌发所需时间、积温，计算并比较各处理的萌芽整齐度和需冷量。结果发现，经过自然条件下低温适应一段时间后，再继续经过250 h或500 h低温处理，在某个温度范围内能够较高程度地满足霞多丽葡萄的需冷量。枝条在1 ℃下低温处理250 h和500 h的萌芽整齐度依次提高；在5 ℃和9 ℃下处理250 h明显提高了萌芽整齐度，但处理500 h后却降低了萌芽整齐度。

霞多丽；需冷量；积温；芽眼萌发；整齐度

Abstract:Fully matured canes of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay were artificially treated at 1 ℃, 5 ℃ or 9 ℃ for 250 h or 500 h, and then cultivated at 20 ℃or 14 ℃ in incubators, to evaluate the duration, accumulated temperature, and uniformity of budbreak, while unartificially treated canes were employed as control. The results showed that the chilling requirement of dormant canes were well met after a natural low temperature accumulation (0～7.2 ℃) for 331 h and an artificial low temperature accumulation (1 ℃, 5 ℃ and 9 ℃) for 500 h. Chilling requirement could be efficiently accumulated when the canes were artificially treated at 1 ℃. The uniformity of budbreak increased when the canes were treated under 1 ℃, and 500 h treatment was better than 250 h treatment. The uniformity of budbreak was better when the canes were chilling treated at 5 ℃ and 9 ℃ for 250 h than control, while that of budbreak was less than control when the canes were chilling treated at 5 ℃ and 9 ℃ for 500 h.

Key Words:Chardonnay; chilling requirement; accumulated temperature; budbreak; uniformity

葡萄的休眠包括条件休眠（c o n d i t i o n a l dormancy）、结构休眠（structural dormancy）和被迫休眠（forced dormancy）三个阶段[1]。条件休眠指在短日照或顶端优势作用下导致的芽休眠，即冬芽在形成当年生长季的状态；结构休眠指葡萄芽在合适的温度条件下，也不能萌发的状态，即冬芽在秋冬季节的状态；被迫休眠是在结构休眠满足之后因积温不足而尚未萌发的冬芽，只有满足了芽萌发所需的积温（也就是需热量）才会萌发。……