曹胜男,高霞,崔俊鹏,田歌,李慧君,郭里可,李永芳,杨中智

（1.新乡医学院公共卫生学院,河南新乡453003；2.河南科技学院化学化工学院,河南新乡453003）

新乡市冬季大气颗粒物水溶性离子的粒径分布及来源初探

曹胜男1,高霞1,崔俊鹏1,田歌1,李慧君1,郭里可2,李永芳2,杨中智1

（1.新乡医学院公共卫生学院,河南新乡453003；2.河南科技学院化学化工学院,河南新乡453003）

为探索新乡市冬季大气颗粒物水溶性离子的粒径分布,用Anderson八级采样器于新乡医学院进行了为期20 d的采样.用差值法分析了8个粒径段大气颗粒物的质量浓度,用离子色谱对Cl-、F-、SO42-、NO3-、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH4+9种离子进行了分析.结果表明：①新乡市大气颗粒物的质量浓度主要在5.8～10.0 μm和0.43～2.10 μm处呈双峰分布,且细颗粒物的质量浓度高于粗颗粒物；②颗粒物中各离子的浓度由高到低依次为NO3-、SO42-、NH4+、Ca2+、Cl-、K+、F-、Na+、Mg2+；③PM9.0-10.0中Na+、K+和Mg2+主要来自土壤扬尘,粗颗粒物中的Ca2+和Mg2+主要来自建筑尘,燃烧源是新乡市颗粒物水溶性离子的共同来源,NO3-/SO42-指示新乡市二次生成颗粒物以汽车尾气污染为主.

新乡市；大气颗粒物；水溶性离子；粒径分布

Abstract:To explore the size distribution of water-soluble ions（Cl-,F-,SO42-,NO3-,K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,NH4+）in sizesegregated PM,the PM was collected by an Anderson sampler in Xinxiang Medical University for 20 days.Mass concentration of size-segregated PM was calculated by gravimetrically.Water-soluble ions were analyzed by ion chromatography.The results showed：①The size distribution peaks of PM were 5.8～10.0 μm and 0.43～2.10 μm and mass concentration of fine PM were far more than coarse PM；②The concentration order of ions was NO3-＞SO42-＞NH4+＞Ca2+＞Cl-＞K+＞F-＞Na+＞Mg2+；③Na+,K+and Mg2+in PM9.0-10.0 came from road dust,Ca2+and Mg2+in coarse PM came from construction dust.The common source of water-soluble ions was biomass combustion and the NO3-/SO42-mass ratio indicated that secondary aerosol particles mainly came from mobile sources.

Key words:Xinxiang City；particulate matters；water-soluble ions；size distribution

中国的环境问题,尤其是雾霾问题受到越来越多的社会关注[1].大气颗粒物（particulate matters,PM）也称大气气溶胶,是一类复杂的混合物,主要包括有机和无机两大类物质.无机组分中水溶性离子是大气颗粒物,尤其是细颗粒物的主要组成部分,可占其质量浓度的50%左右.PM值的升高不仅会影响天气、气候和生态系统的健康发展,而且会损害人类的呼吸系统、心血管系统,增加社会医疗负担[2].

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