未志源,梅沛沛,薛香,郜庆炉

（1.河南科技学院生命科技学院,河南新乡453003；2.现代生物育种河南省协同创新中心,河南新乡453003）

播期对小麦品系3015花后籽粒氮、磷、钾含量变化的影响

未志源1,2,梅沛沛1,2,薛香1,2,郜庆炉1,2

（1.河南科技学院生命科技学院,河南新乡453003；2.现代生物育种河南省协同创新中心,河南新乡453003）

试验于2015—2016年在河南科技学院乔榭试验田进行,以小麦品系3015为研究对象,设置3个不同的播期,研究在不同播期条件下小麦灌浆过程中籽粒氮、磷、钾含量的动态变化.结果表明：不同播期对小麦品系3015产量的影响表现为：早播＞晚播＞中播.籽粒中磷的含量差异显著,中播比早、晚播含量分别高9.2%、7.4%；钾素含量早播明显高于中、晚播,分别高79.7%、157.9%,差异达极显著水平；灌浆过程中,花后31 d之前小麦籽粒氮素含量在3个播期之间差异极显著,随着生育期的延长其差异逐渐降低,在花后24 d,小麦籽粒中氮素含量早播比中、晚播分别高2.3%、14.5%,且存在极显著差异.建议小麦品系3015早播,以提高产量和品质.

播期；小麦；灌浆期；氮磷钾养分

Abstract:The experiment was carried out in 2015―2016,at Qiaoxie experiment field,in Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang.To investigate effects of sowing date on dynamic changes of grain nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents during grain filling period in wheat line 3015,three wheat sowing dates with wheat line 3015 were designed as the research object.The main results showed that,the effects of sowing date on wheat grain yield came out in the order that early sowing＞late sowing＞middle sowing.The content of phosphorus in grain was significantly different among three sowing dates,there the content of phosphorus in the middle sowing date were 9.2%and 7.4% higher than that in early sowing and late sowing,respectively.The content of potassium in grain were 79.7%and 157.9%higher than that in early sowing and late sowing,respectively,and the difference reached significant levels. During grain filling,the grain nitrogen content of wheat was significantly different among the three sowing dates, especially in 31 days after anthesis,and the difference gradually decreased with the plant growth.On the 24 d after anthesis,nitrogen content was 2.3%and 14.5%higher than that in middle and late sowing,respectively,and the differences were significant.Therefore,wheat line 3015 was suggested to sow early in order to improve its yield and quality.

Key words:sowing date；wheat；grain filling；NPK nutrients

小麦种植面积占世界谷类作物总面积的1/3左右,总产量占粮食的1/4,是世界上40%人口的主食[1].选育出高产优质的小麦品种对小麦产量和品质的提高至关重要[2].

氮素可以调节籽粒中蛋白质的含量,还会影响其加工品质[3-4].作物光合作用的产物最终形态为干物质,其积累、分配及其运转与经济产量的形成密切相关[5-9].吸氮量的增长速率是前期高而后期低,施氮量影响收获期总……