王莉+冯芸

[摘要]目的 探討个体化综合护理措施在小儿支气管肺炎中的应用效果。方法 选取2016年1～12月在我院住院治疗的135例支气管肺炎患儿作为研究对象，2016年1～6月入院治疗的65例患儿为对照组，2016年7～12月入院治疗的70例患儿为干预组。对照组给予常规护理方法，干预组给予个体化的综合护理措施。比较两组患者的住院时间、体温正常时间、肺部啰音消失时间、并发症发生率、出院后3个月复发率、家长焦虑程度、家长对肺炎护理知识掌握情况及家长满意度。结果 干预组患儿住院时间[（9.71±1.53）d]、体温正常时间[（6.35±1.21）d]、肺部啰音消失时间[（6.12±2.10）d]短于对照组[（11.48±1.82）、（8.87±1.33）、（7.46±1.87）d]，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；干预组患儿并发症发生率（5.7%）及出院后3个月复发率（7.1%）低于对照组（20.0%，18.5%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；干预组患儿焦虑程度[（45.42±3.14）分]低于对照组[（52.33±3.22）分]，家长疾病知识得分[（16.47±2.04）分]和护理满意度[（17.30±1.92）分]高于对照组[（13.85±2.31），（14.64±2.23）分]，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 个体化综合护理能够有效提高小儿支气管肺炎的治疗护理效果，提高家长对护理的满意度，降低患儿肺炎复发率，有利于患儿病情康复。

[关键词]个体化；综合护理；支气管炎；应用效果

[中图分类号] R473.72 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2017）08（c）-0161-04

[Abstract]Objective To explore the application effect of individualized comprehensive nursing on pediatric bronchial pneumonia.Methods Children with bronchial pneumonia who were hospitalized in our hospital from January to December 2016 were selected as the study subjects.65 cases of children from January to June 2016 were control group，while 70 cases of children from July to December 2016 were intervention group.Patients in control group received routine nursing care， while patients in intervention group received individualized comprehensive nursing.The hospital stays， body temperature normal time，the disappear time of pulmonary rales，rate of complications，recurrence rate of 3 months after leave hospital，parental anxiety，the parents′ mastery of pneumonia nursing knowledge and parents′ satisfaction were compared.Results The hospital stays [（9.71±1.53）d]，body temperature normal time [（6.35±1.21）d] and disappear time of pulmonary rales [（6.12±2.10）d] in the intervention group were shorter than those in the control group [（11.48±1.82），（8.87±1.33），（7.46±1.87）d]，and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.01）.The rate of complications （5.7%） and recurrence rate （7.1%） of 3 months after leave hospital in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group （20.0%，18.5%），and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）.The parents′mastery scores of pneumonia nursing knowledge [（16.47±2.04） scores] and nursing satisfaction [（17.30±1.92） scores] in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group [（13.85±2.31，14.64±2.23） scores]，the degree of anxiety [（45.42±3.14） scores] in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group [（52.33±3.22） scores]，and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.01）.Conclusion Individualized comprehensive nursing can effectively improve the treatment of children with bronchial pneumonia care effect，improve patients′ satisfaction with care，reduce the recurrence rate of pneumonia in children，and help children′s disease rehabilitation.endprint

[Key words]Individualized；Comprehensive nursing；Bronchial pneumonia；Application effect

肺炎是我國儿童保健重点预防的“四病”之一，支气管肺炎是小儿肺炎中最常见的一种类型，是住院儿童死亡的主要原因[1]。支气管肺炎主要表现为发热、咳嗽、气促、呼吸困难以及肺部固定的湿啰音，病情进展快、并发症多，严重威胁着患儿的健康，也给患儿家长带来巨大的身心压力[2-4]。研究表明，及时有效的治疗和护理能够降低支气管肺炎患儿的死亡率，减少并发症发生率，缩短患儿病程[5-6]。且由于患儿年龄较小，缺乏自我护理能力，加强对患儿家长的指导也有助于患儿恢复健康，减少复发率[7]。个体化综合护理是指根据患者的个体差异性，制定恰当的针对性护理措施，以提高护理效果。该方法在护理领域得到了较为广泛的应用，在慢性胃炎[8]、妊娠期糖尿病[9]等患者的运用中均取得了较好的效果。……