尹园园+陈浩+翟一凡+林清彩+戴争+张安盛+于毅+郑礼

摘要：为明确田间常用药剂对丽蚜小蜂的影响，测定了7种常用杀虫、杀菌及昆虫生长调节剂对丽蚜小蜂卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的毒力。结果表明，杀虫剂丁硫克百威、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对丽蚜小蜂的毒力最大，对成蜂的LC50分别为2.11×10-2、1.07 mg/L，几种杀菌剂（戊唑醇、甲霜·恶霉灵、叶枯唑、辛菌胺醋酸盐）对丽蚜小蜂的毒力较小。丽蚜小蜂不同发育阶段对药剂的敏感性也有所差异，其中成蜂对药剂最敏感。在释放丽蚜小蜂的过程中，禁止使用杀虫剂丁硫克百威及甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐，其它几种药剂可以选择合适的时期适量使用。

关键词：农药；丽蚜小蜂；毒力

中图分类号：S476.3+S481+.1 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）08-0115-04

Abstract Seven common pesticides were used to study their toxicity to eggs，larvae，pupae and adults of Encarsia formosa in laboratory. The results showed that carbosulfan and emamectin benzoate belonging to insecticides had the highest toxicity to Encarsia formosa with the LC50 to adults as 2.11×10-2 mg/L and 1.07 mg/L， respectively.The fungicides including tebuconazole， metalaxylhymexazol， bismerthiazol and bacteriaoctvl acetate showed low toxicity. The different developmental stage of Encarsia formosa showed different sensibility to pesticides， and adults had the highest sensibility. In a word，carbosulfan and emamectin benzoate were prohibited during releasing Encarsia formosa， but the other 5 pesticides could be used during suitable time.

Keywords Pesticides； Encarsia formosa； Toxicity

烟粉虱和温室白粉虱是蔬菜、花卉等经济作物和观赏植物的重要害虫，能造成严重的作物减产和品质损害[1-3]。丽蚜小蜂对防控温室粉虱有良好的效果[4]，是全球传统生物防治的成功典范之一[5-11]。与其它天敌昆虫一样，丽蚜小蜂对化学药剂较为敏感。在温室使用丽蚜小蜂控制粉虱类害虫期间，若使用化学农药防治其他病虫害，则需要评估此化学农药对丽蚜小蜂的影响，制定相应的用药策略。在此方面，国内外已经开展了部分研究。昆虫生长调节剂噻嗪酮及吡丙醚对丽蚜小蜂成蜂的寿命及产卵量没有影响，而杀虫剂甲氰菊酯显著降低丽蚜小蜂成蜂的寿命及产卵量[12]；菊酯类和有机磷类药剂对丽蚜小蜂的杀伤力最大，生长调节剂灭蝇胺杀伤力最小[13]；……