宫文萍+李建波+李豪圣+宋健民+刘爱峰+曹新有+韩冉+程敦公+赵振东+杨足君+刘成+刘建军

摘要：在小麦-单芒山羊草杂交种质鉴定研究中，尚缺乏可同时鉴定小麦和单芒山羊草染色体的细胞遗传学方法。本研究用寡聚核苷酸Oligo-pSc119.2-1和Oligo-pTa-535-1为探针的双色FISH和以（GAA）8为探针的单色FISH分别对小麦-单芒山羊草双二倍体、中国春-单芒山羊草附加系进行分析，建立了可以同时鉴定小麦和单芒山羊草全部染色体的FISH标准核型。同时，利用建立的FISH标准核型在1N附加系自交后代材料中发现了5BS.3BS和5BL.3BL易位，在5N附加系自交后代中发现5NL端部寡聚核苷酸序列删除现象，这为研究染色体结构变异与表型变化的关系等提供了研究材料。此外，还在4N附加系自交后代中发现4B染色体丢失现象，造成该附加系自发形成4N（4B）代换系，为诱导产生涉及4N染色体的小麦-单芒山羊草罗伯逊易位系奠定了基础。

关键词：单芒山羊草；荧光原位杂交；染色体结构变异；代换系

中图分类号：S5121：Q78 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）08-0012-07

Abstract So far，the cytogenetic approaches for the identification of wheat-Aegilops uniaristata germplasm are lacking. In the present research， Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） using Oligo-pTa535-1 and Oligo-pSc119.2-1 as probes， and FISH using （GAA）8 as probe are performed on wheat-Ae. uniaristata amphiploid and additions. As a result， a standard FISH pattern was established for the identification of all chromosomes of wheat and Ae. uniaristata simultaneously. Meanwhile， chromosome translocations 5BS.3BS and 5BL.3BL were detected in the self-pollinated 1N addition progenies， and oligo-nucleotide sequence deletion was also detected on chromosome arm 5NL of Ae. uniaristata in the self-pollinated 5N addition progenies， providing important material for researching the relationships between chromosome structure variation and phenotypic changes. Moreover，a spontaneously formed wheat-Ae. uniaristata 4N（4B） substitution line was identified by the established FISH karyotype from the self-pollinated 4N addition progenies， making a solid foundation for further inducing wheat-Ae. uniaristata chromosome translocations with chromosome 4N involved.

Keywords Aegilops uniaristata；Fluorescence in situ hybridization；Chromosome structure aberration； Substitution line

小麦是我国50%～60%城乡居民的主要口粮，全国年消费量约1.05亿吨，占全球消费量的20%左右。由于人们生活水平和对生活品质的要求不断提高，使得小麦产业不仅要培育和推广高产抗病品种，还要培育优质特色品种，以满足市场的多元化需求。由于小麦白粉病、条锈病和赤霉病等严重影响小麦生产，加上小麦优质特色育种种质资源有限，因此，发掘优异新基因和创制特异种质新资源并将其转移给当前小麦是培育多元化小麦新品种的重要物质基础。……